Red propolis reduces inflammation in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats

Abstract

Introduction. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used to treat malignant neoplasias and control autoimmune diseases. Still, one of its metabolites, acrolein, is toxic to the urothelium and can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis and severe discomfort.Objective. To evaluate the ability of red propolis to prevent and treat CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.Materials and methods. Red propolis was extracted in 1% gum arabic and administered subcutaneously (sc). In the first experiment, groups IA, IIA, and IIIA and groups IB, IIB, and IIIB received water, gum arabic (GA), or propolis, respectively, for 30 days. Then water (controls) or CP (treatment) was administered i.p. In the second experiment, groups IVA, VA, and VIA received water i.p. while groups IVB, VB, and VIB received CP i.p. This was followed by 5 injections at 2-hour intervals with either water, GA, or propolis. Bladder tissue was examined according to Gray’s criteria.Results. The total inflammatory histology score was significantly smaller in group VIB (11.33 ± 2.07). Mild inflammation predominated in group VIB while most of the animals in group IVB had severe inflammation (p=0.0375). Ulcers were predominantly multiple in Groups IVA and VB but rare or absent in Group VIB (p=0.0118). Urothelial cells were mostly absent in groups IVB and VB and present/normal in group VIB (p=0.0052). Fibrin was abundant in groups IVB and VA but mostly absent in group VIB (p=0.0273).Conclusions. Red propolis can reduce inflammation in CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.

Protective effect of propolis on the antioxidant enzymes activities, characteristics of epididymal spermatozoa and histopathological structure of testis from rats treated with cyclophosphamide

“…Quercetin, which is among the flavonoid compounds in the structure of propolis, is the component with the most effective radical scavenging feature and quercetin is also the phenolic compound with the highest anti-inflammatory effect. The results obtained in this study are consistent with previous studies on the antioxidant properties of Propolis [36,37,38,39].…”

“…In the present literature review, which is not tissue and organ specific, it was encounter Propolis applications in many tissues (such as liver, kidney, heart) against CP toxicity in different doses and durations [16,36,37,39]. The fact that no study has been found in which the effects of propolis on the testicular tissue of CP in rats was evaluated using biochemical, spermatological and histopathological data increases the originality of this study.…”