Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties

Abstract

Extensive exposure to UVB (280–320 nm) is the major risk responsible for various skin injuries. Numerous reports have shown that natural products could demonstrate photochemopreventive efficacy against UVB damage. We investigated the preventive effects and associated molecular mechanisms of red raspberry extract upon UVB-caused damage in human epidermal keratinocytes and a nude mouse model. The protein profiles and immunohistological study on a nude mouse skin indicated that red raspberry extract could prevent UVB-caused cell death and protect the skin against UVB-exposed injury manifested by wrinkling, scaling, tanning, and water loss as well as epidermal thickening. In addition, red raspberry extract application effectively abolished oxidative damage in DNA and attenuated the carbonylation level of proteins, which attributed to the activation of SOD, Nrf2 and its target genes, and HO-1. Red raspberry extract also altered the cells' apoptotic signaling pathways including caspase-3 as well as the inflammatory cascade such as c-jun and attenuated UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and COX-2. Red raspberry extract could alleviate direct photodamage to the skin caused by UVB exposure through the ROS scavenger and protection against inflammatory responses, which may allow the development of novel strategies in protecting the skin subjected to UVB radiation.

The dietary triterpenoid 18α–Glycyrrhetinic acid protects from MMC-induced genotoxicity through the ERK/Nrf2 pathway

“…Similarly, Nrf2-dependent protective action against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage has been shown for morin [42], fish oil omega-3 fatty acids [43] and puerarin [44], among others. Likewise, red raspberry extract was shown to protect against UVB-induced skin photo-damage by activating Nrf2 and its target genes and consequently through the ROS scavenger properties and through protection against inflammatory responses [45]. Mangiferin has been shown to upregulate NQO1 expression through Nrf2 activation, thereby significantly reducing etoposide-induced DNA damage [46].…”

Comparison of the Biological Impact of UVA and UVB upon the Skin with Functional Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry

“…The Prodigy SameSpots software (Nonlinear Dynamics, Newcastle, UK) was performed to quantify the protein spots and each spot intensity volume (%) was detected after background subtraction and total spot volume normalization. More than 2.0-fold changes at 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) were considered as statistically significant [10,25].…”

“…HaCaT cells (5 × 10 4 ) were seeded in 24-well plates for 24 h. UVA and UVB radiation (24 or 0.24 J/cm 2 ) were exposed to the cells after treating with raspberry extract (0.5 mg/mL) and incubated for 48 h [25]. Isopropanol solution mixed with tetrazolium salt was then added to the wells and incubated for additional 4 h at 37 • C. The optical density of the dissolved material was measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm.…”

Functional Redox Proteomics Reveal That Salvia miltiorrhiza Aqueous Extract Alleviates Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting ROS-Dependent Apoptosis

“…The appearance of carbonylated proteins has been considered as a hallmark of ROS-induced change of protein which might be helpful to predict novel targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Furthermore, the functional “signature network” analyzed with MetaCore™ pathway generates global cellular mechanisms underlying different protein levels and imitates signaling pathways based on the integration of molecular and clinical information [ 19 ].…”