Redefining and developing exotic animal medicine

Redrobe, Sharon

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00660.x

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The terms “zoological medicine” and “exotic animal medicine” have often been used interchangeably, referring to animals other than those known as traditional domestic animals, i.e., dogs, cats, horses, or other farm animals [ 1 , 5 ]. However, these terms should be distinct.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these terms should be distinct. Zoological medicine has been defined as encompassing companion animal medicine (small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish), zoo animal medicine, aquatic animal medicine (marine mammals, display fish), production medicine (farmed/ranched wildlife, game birds, and aquaculture), and environmental medicine (free-ranging wildlife, conservation/preservation, and ecosystem health) [ 1 , 7 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, a European rabbit could be native to mainland Spain but exotic in the United Kingdom, Australia, or the United States. In addition, as a small-prey herbivore species, the rabbit would behave much more like a wild animal than a domesticated dog [ 1 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this document, we understand that zoological medicine is a vast concept that encompasses different species and fields, including non-traditional companion animals, zoo animals, wildlife animals, aquatic animals, production and environmental medicines [ 1 , 7 ]. However, it could be really challenging to try to classify the professional application of zoological medicine based on the different species involved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus has been established mostly on domestic animals, whether they are for production or companionship. In the last decades, the term “companion animals” has notably been extended from just traditional pets (cats, dogs, small birds, and rodents) to integrate new species such as exotic birds, rabbits, ferrets, snakes, lizards, and others which are legally covered to be kept in homes [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Veterinary Education and Training on Non-Traditional Companion Animals, Exotic, Zoo, and Wild Animals: Concepts Review and Challenging Perspective on Zoological Medicine

Román

Quesada‐Canales

Hernández

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The role of veterinarians is becoming more significant and necessary to support the welfare and health not only of non-traditional companion animals and wildlife animals, but also of humans and the environment. The importance of the One Health/One World concept and its social impact is increasing significantly, accompanied by the notoriety of new emerging and reemerging zoonoses. This paper aims to review and anchor the main concepts and professional applications of zoological medicine, which has been extensively discussed and adapted in recent decades. In addition, we analyse the main social demands, training, and educational needs and the perception of veterinary professionals relating to this specialised veterinary discipline. Our final goal is to reinforce the use of the term zoological medicine and contribute to highlight the need to foster and underpin specific educational policies and programs on this matter in the veterinary curricula. Zoological medicine should be the appropriate and agreed-upon term in the academic language concerning the veterinary medicine of pets, wild, or zoo species, excluding traditional domestic animals, and integrating the principles of ecology and conservation, applied to both natural and artificial environments. This discipline has suffered an intense evolution covering applications in private clinics, zoos, bioparks, and wildlife. All this implies current and future challenges for the veterinary profession that can only be addressed with greater and better attention from multiple perspectives, especially the education and training of professionals to improve and specialise in their professional scope of services.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Veterinary Education and Training on Non-Traditional Companion Animals, Exotic, Zoo, and Wild Animals: Concepts Review and Challenging Perspective on Zoological Medicine

Román

Quesada‐Canales

Hernández

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Pathology and Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Study of 398 Pet Reptiles

Cristina

Kocsis

Dégi

et al. 2022

Animals

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Reptiles are potential reservoirs of bacteria that could be transmitted, thus becoming a zoonotic hazard. (1) Background: This three-year investigation surveyed the pathological status of 398 pet reptiles: chelonians, snakes (venomous/non-venomous), and lizards. The main pathological entities found were related to the skin, the sensory organs, the digestive system, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the urinary system, the genitalia, the osteo–muscular tract, surgical issues, tumors, and intoxications. (2) Methods: In 25 individuals treated with antibiotics, no clinical healing was recorded, for this reason, an antimicrobial resistance profile analysis of the 43 samples gathered was processed. An antibiogram was performed using the VITEK®2 ID-GP (bio-Mérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) automated platform, with 22 bacterial strains being isolated. (3) Results: The statistics (ANOVA) revealed that the most common disease category was diseases of the digestive system, followed by diseases of the skin, respiratory system, nervous system, and reproductive system. A significant correlation (p < 0.01) between disease incidence and reptile species was reported, with correlations found between all species and diseases diagnosed. The most common bacteria isolated were Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Salmonella spp., but Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter spp., and Proteus spp. were also identified. (4) Conclusions: These microorganisms revealed degrees of resistance against penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. The animals can be categorized according to their sensitivity to diseases in the following order (most sensitive to least sensitive): chelonians, venomous snakes, non-venomous snakes, and lizards.

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First Overview of Zoological Medicine on Iberian Countries

Cardoso-Freitas,

Silva,

Martinez-Silvestre

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The role of veterinary doctors, particularly those dedicated to Zoological Medicine, is becoming increasingly relevant and essential within the One Health framework. Educational and employment opportunities in this field vary widely across Europe, prompting us to characterise the sector in Portugal and Spain. A survey was conducted, resulting in 169 valid responses from veterinarians. Respondents were characterised based on gender, age, work environment, the highest level of education, additional training, whether they attended zoological medicine classes at university and their perception of the adequacy of that training. Further factors included years of experience, the percentage of their work involving zoological medicine, sectors they work in, the types of animals they treat, their confidence in treating these animals, sources of information they use, and membership in relevant professional associations. Relationships between these variables were examined. The results describe Iberian professionals working with non-traditional pets, wildlife, and zoo animals. Notably, only half of these professionals had taken zoological medicine classes at university; among those, the majority felt they inadequately prepared them for their work. Given the findings, enhancing the training and resources available to these professionals is crucial to prepare them for their roles better.

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Redefining and developing exotic animal medicine

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Veterinary Education and Training on Non-Traditional Companion Animals, Exotic, Zoo, and Wild Animals: Concepts Review and Challenging Perspective on Zoological Medicine

Veterinary Education and Training on Non-Traditional Companion Animals, Exotic, Zoo, and Wild Animals: Concepts Review and Challenging Perspective on Zoological Medicine

Pathology and Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Study of 398 Pet Reptiles

First Overview of Zoological Medicine on Iberian Countries

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