Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture

Abstract

Most Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity.

Use of Generalized Weighted Quantile Sum Regressions of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Kidney Function to Explore Joint Effects of Multiple Metals in Blood

“…Animal studies have found oxidative damage from As, Cd, and Pb [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Some studies have proved the interaction between essential metals and toxic metals [ 34 , 35 ]; however, the mechanisms of multiple metal exposure are unclear. Identifying the inflammation of metal mixtures is troublesome due to the independent, antagonistic, or additive interactions between toxic metals and essential elements.…”

Neuroprotective (Antioxidant, Antiamyloidogenic, and Antiexcitatory) Effects of Trévo^TM against Cadmium Chloride Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats

“…A major factor that makes the brain prone to oxidative damage is its low antioxidant system compared to other organs. The neurotoxic effect of cadmium (Cd) was shown in many studies [33][34][35][36]. Its mechanism of neurotoxicity is associated with an increase in the generation of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress.…”

“…Polyphenols present in Trévo include pomegranate, lycopene, βcarotene, ascorbic acid, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. These antioxidant phytochemicals can prevent, delay, or reverse neurological disorders [33,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. They probably also contribute to the antioxidant properties of Trévo.…”

In silico toxicogenomic data-mining to unraveling the influence of lead and cadmium co-exposure on molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of Hypertension

“…For example, Zhouab et al, [8] demonstrated that Pb, Cd, arsenic, and mercury co-exposure led to higher neurotoxic effects compared to the effects induced by co-exposure to three or fewer of the same metals. Similarly, Javorac et al, [9] reported that oxidative status induced by exposure of rats to metal mixtures was absent during treatment with the individual metals.…”