Redox flow batteries for the storage of renewable energy: A review

Electrospinning was used to create custom-made fibrous electrode materials for redox flow batteries with targeted structural properties. The aim was to increase the available surface area for electrochemical reaction without diminishing the transport properties of the electrode. Electrospinning conditions were identified that could produce fibers several times larger than those typically yielded by the technique, yet much smaller than in commercially available electrodes. These materials were subsequently carbonized using widely reported protocols. The resultant materials were subjected to a range of characterization tests to confirm that the feasibility of the target material, including surface area, pore and fiber sizes, porosity, conductivity, and permeability. The most promising material to emerge from this selection processes was then tested for electrochemical performance in a flow cell. The produced material performed markedly better than a commercially available material. Further optimizations such as improved consistency in the production and some surface activation treatments could provide significant advancements.

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“…The specific surface area of this single fictitious filament is then found from: [2] where V b is the bulk volume of the mat. Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electrospun Fibrous Mats Targeted for Use as Flow Battery Electrodes

Liu

Kok

Kim

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The cost of the controllable loads is low except battery storage. However, battery storage is the most effective way to improve the renewable energy penetration, usually in conjunction with the solar and wind energy [56].…”

Section: Comparison Of Controllable Load Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Load Management Approaches in Smart Grids

Shen

Jiang

2015

Energies

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Abstract:With rapid smart grid technology development, the customer can actively participate in demand-side management (DSM) with the mutual information communication between the distributor operation company and the smart devices in real-time. Controllable load management not only has the advantage of peak shaving, load balance, frequency regulation, and voltage stability, but is also effective at providing fast balancing services to the renewable energy grid in the distributed power system. The load management faces an enormous challenge as the customer has a large number of both small residential loads and dispersed renewable sources. In this paper, various controllable load management approaches are discussed. The traditional controllable load approaches such as the end users' controllable appliances, storage battery, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and heat storage are reviewed. The "broad controllable loads" management, such as the microgrid, Virtual Power Plant (VPP), and the load aggregator are also presented. Furthermore, the load characteristics, control strategies, and control effectiveness are analyzed.

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“…Moreover, of the BESS, there are different types of energy storage technologies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]: pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), flywheel energy storage (FES), the hydrogen-based energy storage system (HES), flow battery energy storage (FBES), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SME), efficiency, scalability, and other appealing features [15], the BESS is the preferred technology [16] (see Figure 1). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Battery Charging and Discharging Control Strategies: Application to Renewable Energy Systems

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Energy storage has become a fundamental component in renewable energy systems, especially those including batteries. However, in charging and discharging processes, some of the parameters are not controlled by the battery's user. That uncontrolled working leads to aging of the batteries and a reduction of their life cycle. Therefore, it causes an early replacement. Development of control methods seeks battery protection and a longer life expectancy, thus the constant-current-constant-voltage method is mostly used. However, several studies show that charging time can be reduced by using fuzzy logic control or model predictive control. Another benefit is temperature control. This paper reviews the existing control methods used to control charging and discharging processes, focusing on their impacts on battery life. Classical and modern methods are studied together in order to find the best approach to real systems.

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Redox flow batteries for the storage of renewable energy: A review

Cited by 978 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of Electrospun Fibrous Mats Targeted for Use as Flow Battery Electrodes

Evaluation of Electrospun Fibrous Mats Targeted for Use as Flow Battery Electrodes

Controllable Load Management Approaches in Smart Grids

A Review on Battery Charging and Discharging Control Strategies: Application to Renewable Energy Systems

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