Redshift Anomaly on the Solar Disk as Multiple Interactions between Photons and Electrons

Abstract

This paper analyses the center-to-limb problem of the Sun encountered in the solar lines by using for the first time the New Tired Light theory based on photons of light losing energy due to interaction with electrons. For this scope, a detailed geometrical orbital model on the scale was created in order to trace back all physical characteristics of the Earth orbiting the Sun for three days in the year 1946, when the redshift measurements were taken. This paper suggests that, since the space between the Sun and the Earth consists of a high exponential distribution of electrons, it works out as a medium for the photons of light. Indeed, in the line of sight of a terrestrial observer, the distance between the Sun and the Earth is greater at the limb than in the center, valid for each orbital position. Accordingly, the interactions between photons and electrons cause a slight difference in redshift along the entire solar disk, matching the observational data. An important factor is the definition of objective criteria for the radial velocity component of the solar granules, whose variable values refer, in turn, to existing observational data, crucial for the success of the study. The redshift anomaly on the solar disk has been repeatedly detected in many scientific researches but only a few attempts so far, mostly based on parametrized models, have been done to give a reliable explanation to the measurements.

Redshift Anomaly of the 2292 MHz Radio Signal Emitted by the Pioneer-6 Space Probe as Multiple Interactions with Photo-Ionized Electrons in the Solar Corona

“…As observed in a previous study [8], the electron density in the solar corona that better approximates the real trend expressed in el/m 3 is the following: , , 0 for 1 for 1 and 1 The electron density extends up to Earth and Pioneer-6 varying from a very high value close to the photosphere to lower values close to, respectively, Earth and Pioneer-6. For simplicity, we have chosen the mathematical distribution which has only one contribution of decreasing power as fall-off parameter that well approximates the real trend of the electrons in the solar corona.…”

“…We could mention the redshift anomaly on the solar disk, made public by the study of M.G. Adam [7] and recently investigated by the author of this article [8]. The study shows that photons of light undergo a greater redshift at the limb rather than at the center of the solar disk as at the limb they travel a greater distance, valid for each orbital position, interacting with more electrons along the path.…”

“…-The redshift components linked to the rotation and to the orbital speeds of the Earth as well as to the Pioneer-6 space probe have not been included as they have been intrinsically removed from the terrestrial radio signal receiver due to its set-up. Accordingly, they have not been transferred into the redshift curves; -Moreover, it is possible to state again that the Mex October 2006 electron distribution, referred to the solar corona, is the one that best represents the real physical electron distribution around the Sun [8].…”

Anomalies in the Counts of Low Redshift Quasars

“…Considering the quasar cloud a little further: photons passing through such a cloud would interact with electrons frequently and they would lose energy in small increments, probably through the Compton effect (delta λ = (h/m e c)(1 − cosθ)) and/or possibly also through "New Tired Light" processes ( [10] [11] [12] and [13]). The wider the cloud and/or the denser it is, the greater redshift would be seen.…”

Signal Travel Time Anomaly between Earth and Solar Planets

“…Galaxie clusters of high magnitude of redshift (>2) were observed [3] [4] while very small scale redshift within solar system cannot be easily obtained. Solar gravitational redshift is suggested from photon and electrons interactions [5]. Many explorations on Mars are now experienced by several institutions to record new data.…”