Reduced MIP-1β as a Trait Marker and Reduced IL-7 and IL-12 as State Markers of Anorexia Nervosa

Keeler, Johanna Louise; Patsalos, Olivia; Chung, Raymond T.; Schmidt, Ulrike; Breen, Gerome; Treasure, Janet; Himmerich, Hubertus; Dalton, Bethan

doi:10.3390/jpm11080814

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, more recently, contradicting results in adults seem to question the narrative of uniform proinflammatory state in patients with AN: neither Caroleo et al ( 25 ) nor Nilsson et al ( 26 ), the latter being the largest study to date with 113 patients with AN and 114 HC, confirmed higher TNF-α, IL-1β or IL-6. Keeler et al in the most recent, very well-controlled study of 56 patients with AN and 51 HC, even found significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in patients ( 27 ). Thus, the amount and even direction of proinflammatory cytokine changes in adult AN appear unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study

et al. 2022

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IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is an often chronic and debilitating psychiatric disease whose etiology is not completely understood. Recently, a potential role of inflammation has emerged in other psychiatric diseases, such as depression, PTSD and schizophrenia. The first results in adults with AN seemed to confirm a low-grade proinflammatory state until recent studies presented more differential findings. Studying adolescents with a shorter illness duration and fewer confounding factors might help elucidate the role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of AN; however, the few available studies in adolescents remain ambiguous, and no longitudinal data are available in this age range.MethodsWe examined the proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and the cytokine-receptor IL-6 Receptor alpha (IL-6 Rα) in the serum of twenty-two hospitalized female adolescent patients with AN longitudinally at admission and discharge and compared their results to nineteen healthy controls (HC). We also collected clinical data and stool samples that were analyzed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore potential influencing factors of cytokine changes.ResultsTNF-α serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with AN at admission, while IL-1β and IL-6 levels were lower at admission and discharge than in HC. After treatment, we also found significantly elevated levels of IL-6 Rα compared to HC, while IL-15 did not show significant changes. Exploratory analyses revealed positive associations of cytokine and genus-level changes between admission and discharge for IL-1β (Bacteroides) and IL-15 (Romboutsia), and negative associations for IL-15 (Anaerostipes) and TNF-α (uncultured Lachnospiraceae).ConclusionWe confirmed a previous finding of elevated levels of TNF-α also in adolescents with AN; however, the reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels differed from the mostly increased levels found in adults. A mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory state appears to be present in adolescents, potentially due to their shorter illness duration. The gut microbiota, with its regulatory function on cytokine production, might play a role in mediating these inflammatory processes in AN and could offer targets for new therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study

et al. 2022

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“…A recent study reported that IL-7 was related to musculoskeletal pain and impaired cognitive processing in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome [ 49 ]. Some previous studies have related IL-7 to disturbed emotional function, e.g., depression [ 50 ] and anorexia nervosa [ 51 ]. In the present study, IL-7 was the protein with the highest discriminative power and was 66% higher in TMDM than CON.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Plasma Proteins in Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders

Ernberg

Jasim

Wåhlén

et al. 2022

JCM

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The aims of this study were (1) to compare the levels and interactions of several plasma proteins in patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMDM) compared to healthy and pain-free controls, (2) to compare the levels and interactions in two TMDM subgroups, myalgia (MYA) and myofascial pain (MFP), and (3) to explore associations between the proteins and clinical data. Thirty-nine patients with TMDM (MFP, n = 25, MYA, n = 14), diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), aged 38 years, and sex-matched pain-free controls completed an extended DC/TMD Axis II questionnaire and the plasma concentration of 87 biomarkers were analyzed. Nine proteins separated TMDM from controls (p = 0.0174) and 12 proteins separated MYA from MFP (p = 0.019). Pain duration, characteristic pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, perceived stress, and insomnia severity were significantly associated with protein markers (p < 0.001 to p < 0.022). In conclusion, several plasma proteins were upregulated in TMDM and either upregulated or downregulated in MYA compared to MFP. Some proteins in TMDM were associated with pain variables, sleep disturbance, and emotional function. These results show that systemic differences in protein expression exist in patients with TMDM and that altered levels of specific plasma proteins are associated with different clinical variables.

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“…Participants then completed a questionnaire pack, including questions on demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics for AN and recAN participants, and the EPIC-Norfolk FFQ. Partici-pants also completed questionnaires on mental health, data for which have been presented elsewhere [42] and will not be included in the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of the current study, only data on IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were used as the DII has been previously validated against these inflammatory markers and they were available on the assay. For the results on group differences for the 36 inflammatory markers measured, see Keeler et al [42].…”

Section: Blood Sampling and Inflammatory Marker Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has reported altered cytokine concentrations in AN patients compared to healthy comparison groups [39,40]. Additionally, when comparing people with current AN to those recovered from AN, significant differences in concentrations of several inflammatory markers have been reported, suggesting that some inflammatory markers could be state markers of the disorder and others trait markers of AN [41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient Intake and Dietary Inflammatory Potential in Current and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa

et al. 2021

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by disrupted and restrictive eating patterns. Recent investigations and meta-analyses have found altered concentrations of inflammatory markers in people with current AN. We aimed to assess nutrient intake in participants with current or recovered AN, as compared to healthy individuals, and explore group differences in dietary inflammatory potential as a possible explanation for the observed alterations in inflammatory markers. We recruited participants with current AN (n = 51), those recovered from AN (n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 49). We used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), to calculate a Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) score and collected blood samples to measure serum concentrations of inflammatory markers. In current AN participants, we found lower intake of cholesterol, compared to HCs, and lower consumption of zinc and protein, compared to HC and recovered AN participants. A one-way ANOVA revealed no significant group differences in DII score. Multivariable regression analyses showed that DII scores were significantly associated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in our current AN sample. Our findings on nutrient intake are partially consistent with previous research. The lack of group differences in DII score, perhaps suggests that diet is not a key contributor to altered inflammatory marker concentrations in current and recovered AN. Future research would benefit from including larger samples and using multiple 24-h dietary recalls to assess dietary intake.

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Reduced MIP-1β as a Trait Marker and Reduced IL-7 and IL-12 as State Markers of Anorexia Nervosa

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study

Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study

Altered Plasma Proteins in Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders

Nutrient Intake and Dietary Inflammatory Potential in Current and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa

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