Reduced Order Models for Transstenotic Pressure Drop in the Coronary Arteries

Abstract

The efficacy of reduced order modeling for transstenotic pressure drop in the coronary arteries is presented. Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and the computation of pressure drop in the coronary arteries has become a standard for evaluating the functional significance of a coronary stenosis. Comprehensive models typically employ three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate coronary blood flow in order to compute transstenotic pressure drop at the arterial stenosis. In this study, we evaluate the capability of different hydrodynamic models to compute transstenotic pressure drop. Models range from algebraic formulae to one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and 3D time-dependent CFD simulations. Although several algebraic pressure-drop formulae have been proposed in the literature, these models were found to exhibit wide variation in predictions. Nonetheless, we demonstrate an algebraic formula that provides consistent predictions with 3D CFD results for various changes in stenosis severity, morphology, location, and flow rate. The accounting of viscous dissipation and flow separation were found to be significant contributions to accurate reduce order modeling of transstenotic coronary hemodynamics.

Cardiovascular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight through multiscale modeling

“…In particular, reduced order modeling seems to be the most appropriate strategy, as it is a reasonable balance between the suitable level of local detail and the overall response (see, among the most recent [19][20][21][22][23] ). Multiscale modeling has already provided useful insights into aging 24,25 , coronary pathologies 26,27 , and cardiac arrhythmias [28][29][30] .…”

Development and Application of 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds Supporting Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…In the field of cardiovascular disease treatment, the fact that myocardial tissue lacks self-repairing ability is a serious challenge [ 46 ]. Traditional treatments, such as pharmacological therapy, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass surgery, cannot restore necrotic and fibrotic damaged myocardium to the normal state [ 47 , 48 ]. In recent years, it has been found that stem cell transplantation can repair diseased myocardium [ 49 ].…”

Reduced-Order Models for Blood Pressure Drop Across Arterial Stenoses

“…We use the same elastic pressure law (3) to couple the flow and the wall. This model has been previously used in the literature [12,17,18,23] to compute the flow in the systemic circulation to study the presence of a stenosis.…”

“…Complex models for blood flow are based on the Navier-Stokes equations [8,18]. Solving the fluid flow coupled to the displacement of the arterial wall in a three-dimensional (3D) domain is complex and requires high computational resources.…”