Reduced sensory gating of the P1 potential in rape victims and combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Skinner, R.D.; L, Rasco; Fitzgerald, Jacklynn M.; Karson, Craig N.; Matthew, M.; Williams, David; García‐Rill, Edgar

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1999)9:3<122::aid-da4>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 74 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…PTSD patients also exhibit deficient P1 suppression, another measure of inhibitory or gating processes (Gillette et al, 1997;Skinner et al, 1999). One study found negative correlations between PPI and PTSD symptoms, however, this was not replicated in a subsequent study (Grillon et al, 1998a(Grillon et al, ,b,1996.…”

Section: Startle Abnormalities In Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, panic disorder and PTSD patients exhibit mild but significant disruptions in PPI (Grillon et al, 1998bLudewig et al, 2005Ludewig et al, ,2002Ornitz and Pynoos, 1989). PTSD patients also exhibit deficient P1 suppression, another measure of inhibitory or gating processes (Gillette et al, 1997;Skinner et al, 1999). One study found negative correlations between PPI and PTSD symptoms, however, this was not replicated in a subsequent study (Grillon et al, 1998a(Grillon et al, ,b,1996.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: A translational research perspective

Risbrough

Stein

2006

Hormones and Behavior

211

139

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Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders that include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobic disorders (e.g., specific phobias, agoraphobia, social phobia) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and, when coupled with an awareness of the disability and reduced quality of life they convey, they must be recognized as a serious public health problem. Over 20 years of preclinical studies point to a role for the CRF system in anxiety and stress responses. Clinical studies have supported a model of CRF dysfunction in depression and more recently a potential contribution to specific anxiety disorders (i.e., panic disorder and PTSD). Much work remains in both the clinical and preclinical fields to inform models of CRF function and its contribution to anxiety. First, we will review the current findings of CRF and HPA axis abnormalities in anxiety disorders. Second, we will discuss startle reflex measures as a tool for translational research to determine the role of the CRF system in development and maintenance of clinical anxiety. KeywordsCRH; CRF; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Anxiety; Panic disorder; Startle Overview of CRF neuroendocrine effects and its effects on G-protein-coupled receptorsCorticotropin releasing factor (CRF; also termed "CRH" for corticotropin releasing hormone) was first described in Science by Vale et al. (1981). They reported the discovery of a hypothesized hypothalamic factor, CRF, a 41 amino acid peptide which selectively and potently activated pituitary corticotropin (or adrenal corticotropin releasing hormone, ACTH) secretion. They predicted that this peptide could be "a key signal in mediating and integrating an organism's endocrine, visceral and behavioral response to stress" (Vale et al., 1981(Vale et al., p. 1397). More than 20 years of subsequent animal research and clinical studies have confirmed this hypothesis, supporting a role for CRF, and its more recently discovered ligand family Urocortin 1, 2 and 3, in anxiety and stress responses Reyes et al., 2001;Spina et al., 1996). In this review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge of CRF system dysregulation in clinical anxiety and discuss future avenues of translational research on the role of CRF in startle phenotypes observed in some anxiety disorders. CRF mediation of the neuroendocrine response to stressIn response to stress, CRF is released from the median eminence of the hypothalamus, where it subsequently binds to receptors at the anterior pituitary and increases ACTH release into the * Corresponding author. 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail address: mstein@ucsd.edu (M.B. Stein). bloodstream. ACTH consequently acts at the adrenal cortex to facilitate release of glucocorticoids such as cortisol. This system, known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), is an important component of the response to stress and has been shown to be dysregulated in both anxiety and de...

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Section: Startle Abnormalities In Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: A translational research perspective

Risbrough

Stein

2006

Hormones and Behavior

211

139

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“…The P50 potential has been found to manifest decreased amplitude in disorders that exhibit decrements in arousal, such as autism (Buchwald et al, 1992) and narcolepsy (Boop et al, 1994). Decrements in habituation of the P50 potential are present in schizophrenia (Adler et al,182), anxiety disorders (Skinner et al, 1999), as well as autism (Buchwald et al, 1992) and other conditions (Garcia-Rill and Skinner, 2001). Therefore, our preliminary results on the effects of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on the pre-and post-pubertal manifestation of the P13 potential suggests the induction of a mild form of autism-or anxiety-like effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking during pregnancy: Postnatal effects on arousal and attentional brain systems

et al. 2007

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Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is known to produce lasting arousal, attentional and cognitive deficits in humans. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), as the cholinergic arm of the reticular activating system (RAS), is known to modulate arousal, waking and REM sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreases between 10 and 30 days postnatally in the rat, with the greatest decrease occurring at 12-21 days. Pregnant dams were exposed to 150 ml of cigarette smoke for 15 min, 3 times per day, from day E14 until parturition, and the pups allowed to mature. We analyzed a) intrinsic membrane properties of PPN neurons in slices from pups aged 12-21 days, and b) the sleep state-dependent P13 auditory evoked potential, which is generated by PPN outputs, in animals allowed to age to adolescence. We found significant changes in the intrinsic membrane properties of PPN cells in prenatally exposed animals compared to intact ones, rendering these cells more excitable. In addition, we found disturbances in the habituation to repetitive stimulation in adolescent, freely moving animals, suggestive of a deficit in the process of sensory gating. These findings could explain some of the differences seen in individuals whose parents smoked during pregnancy, especially in terms of their hypervigilance and increased propensity for attentional deficits and cognitive/behavioral disorders.

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“…Many studies have used the P50 potential to study habituation, a component of the process of sensory gating, the ability to filter incoming information in order to attend to salient stimuli. Normal subjects show a markedly lower response to the second of closely spaced stimuli Buchwald 1986a, Boutros andBelger 1999); however, decreased habituation of the P50 potential has been reported in schizophrenia (Adler et al 1982), autism (Buchwald et al 1992), narcolepsy (Boop et al 1994), post traumatic stress disorder (Skinner et al 1999), Parkinson's Disease (Teo et al 1997(Teo et al , 1998), Huntington's Disease (Uc et al 2002) and depression . We observed no decrement in habituation in the ExPreterm population as a whole compared to the Ex-Term population.…”

Section: The P50 Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Techniques for recording and analyzing the P50 potential have been published previously (Boop et al 1993;Dornhoffer et al 2003Dornhoffer et al , 2006Fann et al 2005;Garcia-Rill and Skinner 2001;Rasco et al 2000;Skinner et al 1999;Teo et al 1997Teo et al , 1998. Subjects were seated on a recliner in a well lit, sound attenuating room easily observed by the experimenter.…”

Section: P50 Potential Recording Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term deficits of preterm birth: Evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances

Hall

Huitt

Thapa

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-Quantitative measures of pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe processes were compared to evaluate quantitative measures of these deficits in Ex-Preterm vs. Ex-Term adolescents.Methods-We compared 43 Ex-Preterm with 26 Ex-Term adolescents using the P50 auditory potential, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), a reaction time (RT) test, and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS).Results-The mean amplitude (±SE) of the P50 amplitude was similar in the Ex-Preterm (1.8 ±1.4µv) vs. Ex-Term adolescents (1.8±0.6µv, df=68, F=0.05, p=0.8), but the Ex-Preterm group showed a trimodal distribution in amplitude (High, 3.3±0.4 µv,df=42.25, F=19.2, p<0.01; Medium, 1.7±0.1 µv, df=39, F=0.41, p=0.53; Low, 0.7±0.1 µv, df=40, F=49.5, p<0.01) suggested by statistically significant variance between populations (Kolmogorov-Kuiper test, df=42.25, F=5.4, p<0.01). Mean RT was longer in Ex-Preterm (250±8 msec) vs. Ex-Term subjects (200±5 ms, df=68, F=18.8, p<0.001). PVT lapses were increased in Ex-Preterm subjects, and varied inversely with P50 amplitude (Overall Mean 17±5 lapses, df=67, F=5.34, p<0.05; Low P50 amplitude, 25±10, df=40, F=8.8, p<0.01; Medium, 21±11, df=38, F=5.37, p<0.05; High, 6±2, df=39, F=6.78, p<0.01) vs. ExTerm subjects (2±0.4 lapses, p<0.01). NIRS levels did not differ statistically, but tended to correlate with P50 amplitude in the Ex-Preterm group.Conclusions-These findings suggest differential pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe dysfunction in ex-preterm adolescents.Significance-These measures could provide a means to objectively assess differential dysregulation of arousal and attention in Ex-Preterm adolescents, allowing optimization of therapeutic designs.

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Reduced sensory gating of the P1 potential in rape victims and combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: A translational research perspective

Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: A translational research perspective

Smoking during pregnancy: Postnatal effects on arousal and attentional brain systems

Long-term deficits of preterm birth: Evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances

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