Reduced size and abnormal asymmetry of parietal cortex in women with borderline personality disorder

Irle, Eva; Lange, Claudia; Sachsse, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.004

Cited by 167 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] Furthermore, studies have also observed structural alterations of the superior (precuneus and postcentral gyrus) and inferior parietal cortices in BPD patients, suggesting a possible role of parietal structures in dissociative symptoms and identity disturbance in women with BPD. [28][29][30] In addition, other studies have found dysfunctions of structural connectivity involving parietal and temporal areas in female BPD patients. 5,30 Given the role of the parietal cortex in the integration of many emotional and cognitive functions, such as sensory information and visuospatial processing, this raises the possibility that dysfunction of such processes in BPD may be at least partly caused by parietal impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…5,30 Given the role of the parietal cortex in the integration of many emotional and cognitive functions, such as sensory information and visuospatial processing, this raises the possibility that dysfunction of such processes in BPD may be at least partly caused by parietal impairment. [28][29][30] Although significant reductions in limbic and paralimbic areas have been reported even in adolescents with firstpresentation BPD, such findings have not been observed as specific for BPD. 31,32 Moreover, the development of volume alterations during the course of BPD has also been suggested in the literature, but this hypothesis has yet to be clarified through longitudinal studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Araujo

Filho

Sato

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a devastating condition that causes intense disruption of patients' lives and relationships. Proper understanding of BPD neurobiology could help provide the basis for earlier and effective interventions. As neuroimaging studies of patients with BPD are still scarce, volumetric and geometric features of the cortical structure were assessed to ascertain whether structural cortical alterations are present in BPD patients. Methods: Twenty-five female outpatients with BPD underwent psychiatric evaluation (SCID-I and II) and a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan. The control group comprised 25 healthy age-matched females. Images were processed with the FreeSurfer package, which allows analysis of cortical morphology with more detailed descriptions of volumetric and geometric features of cortical structure. Results: Compared with controls, BPD patients exhibited significant cortical abnormalities in the fronto-limbic and paralimbic regions of both hemispheres. Conclusion: Significant morphologic abnormalities were observed in patients with BPD on comparison with a healthy control group through a multimodal approach. This study highlights the involvement of regions associated with mood regulation, impulsivity, and social behavior in BPD patients and presents a new approach for further investigation through a method of structural analysis based on distinct and simultaneous volumetric and geometric parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Araujo

Filho

Sato

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…Interrater reliabilities, including that of this rater, have been published previously (hippocampus: r = 0.96; amygdala: r = 0.96). 24,25 …”

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confidence: 99%

Reduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia

Irle

Ruhleder

Lange

et al. 2010

jpn

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129

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Background: Structural and functional brain imaging studies suggest abnormalities of the amygdala and hippocampus in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. However, structural brain imaging studies in social phobia are lacking. Methods: In total, 24 patients with generalized social phobia (GSP) and 24 healthy controls underwent 3-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging of the amygdala and hippocampus and a clinical investigation. Results: Compared with controls, GSP patients had significantly reduced amygdalar (13%) and hippocampal (8%) size. The reduction in the size of the amygdala was statistically significant for men but not women. Smaller right-sided hippocampal volumes of GSP patients were significantly related to stronger disorder severity. Limitations: Our sample included only patients with the generalized subtype of social phobia. Because we excluded patients with comorbid depression, our sample may not be representative. Conclusion: We report for the first time volumetric results in patients with GSP. Future assessment of these patients will clarify whether these changes are reversed after successful treatment and whether they predict treatment response. Brief ReportReduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia IntroductionPresent evidence from functional brain imaging studies suggests that patients with social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or specific phobia share a pattern of hyperactivity of the amygdala and surrounding cortices, including the hippocampus, linked to negative emotional responses. 1 The majority of studies including patients with social phobia suggest that these changes may be most pronounced in the generalized subtype of social phobia (GSP). 2-4 A recent study suggests that these changes may resolve after successful psychotherapeutic or psychopharmacologic treatment of social phobia. 5 There is now an extensive body of evidence suggesting that PTSD 6 and major depressive disorder 7,8 are related to abnormal amygdalar and hippocampal size. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. Research in nonhuman primates has suggested that stress and prolonged glucocorticoid exposure may damage the hippocampus, 9 thus raising the possibility that stress may also induce hippocampal degeneration in humans with anxiety or affective disorders. Another possibility is that preexisting small hippocampal size increases the risk for developing anxiety or affective disorders. 10,11 However, structural brain imaging studies in social phobia are lacking. Given the fact that patients with traumatic and nontraumatic anxiety disorders share a pattern of medial temporal hyperactivity during functional neuroimaging, 1 investigation into structural aspects of the amygdala and hippocampus in social phobia are warranted. Furthermore, because the more severe form of social phobia (i.e., GSP) is likely associated with continuous and extreme stress, the possibility of a reduction of the size of the amygdal...

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“…Interestingly, disruptions of the TPJ promote the tendency of falsely attributing hostility to other people (Giardina et al, 2011), a tendency also found in paranoid personality traits that may accompany BPD. Structural abnormalities within the TPJ have been found in female BPD patients and include smaller right compared to left parietal lobes (Irle et al, 2005), while functional studies highlight the TPJ's role in the cognitive aspects of empathic processing (Haas and Miller, 2015), suggesting that reduced TPJ volume and function may be a neural substrate of disrupted empathy in BPD. Our findings on TPJ further show a dissociation between BPD and controls in how empathy correlates with neural activity during social attribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant link between empathy and social attribution style in borderline personality disorder

Homan

Reddan

Brosch

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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a b s t r a c tIn social interactions, we often need to quickly infer why other people do what they do. More often than not, we infer that behavior is a result of personality rather than circumstances. It is unclear how the tendency itself may contribute to psychopathology and interpersonal dysfunction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe interpersonal dysfunction. Here, we investigated if this dysfunction is related to the tendency to over-attribute behaviors to personality traits. Healthy controls and patients with BPD judged positive and negative behaviors presented within a situational constraint during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Before the experiment, we measured trait levels of empathy, paranoia, and need for cognition. Behaviorally, we found that empathy levels predicted the tendency to attribute behavior to traits in healthy controls, whereas in patients with BPD this relationship was significantly weakened. Whole brain analysis of group-by-empathy interaction revealed that when participants judged the behavior during the attribution phase, several brain regions implicated in mentalizing distinguished patients from controls: In healthy controls, neural activity scaled negatively with empathy, but this relationship was reversed in BPD patients. Due to the cross-sectional study design we cannot establish a causal link between empathy and social attributions. These findings indicate that the self-reported tendency to feel for others is related to the tendency to integrate situational information beyond personality. In BPD patients, by contrast, the association between empathy and attribution was significantly weaker, rendering empathy less informative in predicting the overall attribution style.

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Reduced size and abnormal asymmetry of parietal cortex in women with borderline personality disorder

Cited by 167 publications

References 59 publications

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Reduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia

Aberrant link between empathy and social attribution style in borderline personality disorder

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