Reducing Anxiety Levels in Preschool Children Undergoing Cryotherapy for Cutaneous Viral Warts

Tey, Hong Liang; Tan, Eugene; Tan, Felicia Geok Ching; Tan, Kong Wai; Lim, Irene Siew Heok; Tan, Andy

doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2012.1656

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Pain most often occurs during application of the cryotherapy but can also occur minutes to hours after application. Methods to reduce pain and discomfort from cryotherapy include the use of a topical anesthetic (eg, EMLA cream) prior to cryotherapy 29 or distraction techniques (eg, games or videos on mobile devices) during the session 30 . Interestingly, in one study, the addition of SA in between the cryotherapy treatment sessions decreased the incidence of pain and blistering but marginally increased the risk of irritation 24 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24,26 • To reduce the discomfort, may try topical anesthetic (eg, EMLA cream), 29 distraction techniques, use of SA between cryotherapy sessions. 30 • Cotton wool application is preferred for "sensitive areas" such as the face or in younger children. 19,20 • Paring before cryotherapy is recommended for hyperkeratotic plantar or palmar warts.…”

Section: Cryotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treatment of cutaneous viral warts in children: A review

Soenjoyo

Chua

Wee

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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Viral warts or verruca are very common skin infections in children. Although benign, lesions can be extensive, painful, bleed, or lead to cosmetic disfigurement. Although spontaneous resolution can occur, parents often bring their children for treatment, especially when they are symptomatic. Many publications have assessed the efficacy and safety of treatment of warts in adults. However, treatment in children can be challenging due to their immune responses and lower threshold for pain. We review the current literature on the methods, efficacy, and side effect profile of common treatment modalities for cutaneous viral warts in children. There is evidence that salicylic acid and cryotherapy are effective, and although cryotherapy is more effective, there is a higher risk of side effects such as pain and blistering. Combination treatment with salicylic acid and cryotherapy may reduce these side effects. Although there is limited data, other treatment options such as cantharidin, immunotherapy and other mechanical therapies, for example, carbon dioxide lasers, may also be considered, especially for recalcitrant lesions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cryotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of cutaneous viral warts in children: A review

Soenjoyo

Chua

Wee

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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“…This effect varies from analgesic stimulation, inhibition of awareness of pain by stimulating peripheral nerve receptors, improving the flow of energy in acupuncture points (15), reducing muscle tension (16), changing velocity of nerve conduction, and slowing down the transmission of pain to the central nervous system (17) to the distraction of thought from pain (18). Reducing the levels of catecholamine and increasing the levels of endorphins are among other mechanisms of cold therapy (19). According to the gate theory of pain, the cold effectively blocks the conduction of sensory fibers, and reduces pain; and in this way the pain threshold is increased (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Localized Heat and Cold Therapy on Pain Intensity, Duration of Phases of Labor, and Birth Outcomes Among Primiparous Females: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

2018

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Background: Pain is a common and unavoidable phenomenon in childbirth, and in terms of severity, childbirth pain is among the most severe pains in human. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of localized heat and cold therapy on pain intensity, duration of phases of labor, and birth outcomes among primiparous females. Satisfaction was also compared in the two intervention groups. Methods: The current randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 120 primiparous females in three groups (heat/ cold therapy, and control) from September 2015 to January 2016. Intensity of pain, duration of phases of labor, and birth outcomes were measured before and after intervention in the three groups. Satisfaction with localized heat and cold therapy was compared in the two intervention groups. No intervention was conducted in the control group. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact, Chi-square, the Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA tests with SPSS version 19. Results: After intervention, statistically significant difference was found in the average pain severity respectively among the heat therapy, cold therapy, and control groups in dilations of 5 -6 cm (3.25 ± 0.91, 3.57 ± 1.14, 4.00 ± 1.37) 7 -8 cm (4.08 ± 0.91, 4.88 ± 1.05, 4.97 ± 1.17), and 9 -10 cm (6.00 ± 1.35, 6.40 ± 1.09, 7.80 ± 1.18) in the first and second phase of the labor (6.22 ± 1.13, 7.37 ± 1.08, 7.94 ± 1.08). There was a statistically significant differences in the average duration of first phase of labor, respectively among heat therapy, cold therapy, and control groups (293.70 ± 68.97, 368.57 ± 79.82, 400.86 ± 77.43) and second phases of labor respectively among heat therapy, cold therapy, and control groups (42.85 ± 13.60, 51.71 ± 12.24, 46.85 ± 13.67), but there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in terms of the average duration of labor in the third phase. No significant difference was observed between heat and cold therapy groups in terms of satisfaction. No significant difference was observed among the three groups in birth outcomes, including the mean first and fifth Apgar scores, time of cuddling newborn, and the first breastfeeding of newborn. Conclusions: Localized heat and cold therapy are non-pharmacological, non-invasive, satisfactory for the primiparous females, and effective methods to control and relieve pain during labor without adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcomes.

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“…With a vaporization temperature of −196°C, this treatment is painful and often traumatic for younger patients. Multiple treatments at 3‐ to 4‐week intervals are often required for complete clearance of lesions . Pain may be demonstrated by crying, kicking, or biting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%