Reducing Beam-Related Background on Forward Physics Detectors Using Crystal Collimation at the Large Hadron Collider1

Mirarchi, Daniele; Avati, V.; Bruce, Roderik; Butcher, Mark; D’Andrea, M.; Castro, Mario Di; Deile, M.; Dziedzic, B. S.; Hiller, K. H.; Jakobsen, S.; Kašpar, J.; Korcyl, K.; Lamas, I.; Masi, A.; Mereghetti, Alessio; Morales, H. García; Gavrikov, Yu.A.; Redaelli, Stefano; Ferrando, B. Salvachua; Serrano, P.; Camillocci, Matteo Solfaroli; Turini, N.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064066

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A review of the crystal-based collimation performance with Pb beams can be found in [72,78]. See also [79] for an example of other recent applications of crystal collimation at the LHC.…”

Section: Jinst 19 P05061mentioning

confidence: 99%

LHC Upgrades in preparation of Run 3

Arduini,

Baglin,

Bartosik

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Long Shutdown 2 (2019–2021), following LHC Run 2, was primarily dedicated to the upgrade of the LHC Injectors but it included also a signiﬁcant amount of activities aimed at consolidation of the LHC machine components, removal of known limitations and initial upgrades in view of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to favour the intensity ramp-up during Run 3 (2022–2025). An overview of the major modifications to the accelerator and its systems is followed by a summary of the results of the superconducting magnet training campaign to increase the LHC operation energy beyond the maximum value of 6.5 TeV reached during Run 2. The LHC configuration and the scenarios for proton and ion operation for Run 3 are presented considering the expected performance of the upgraded LHC Injectors and the proton beam intensity limitations resulting from the heat load on the cryogenic system due to beam-induced electron cloud and impedance.

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“…A review of the crystal-based collimation performance with Pb beams can be found in [72,78]. See also [79] for an example of other recent applications of crystal collimation at the LHC.…”

Section: Jinst 19 P05061mentioning

confidence: 99%

LHC Upgrades in preparation of Run 3

Arduini,

Baglin,

Bartosik

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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“…-18 - The HEL performance assessment relies on multi-turn tracking simulations carried out with SixTrack [42][43][44][45][46] that allows a symplectic, fully chromatic, and 6D tracking along the magnetic lattice of the machine, taking into account interactions with the ring collimators and the detailed aperture model of the entire ring. The code has been compared to LHC data in a number of studies [4,7,11,[47][48][49][50] with excellent agreement. HELs are integrated in the lattice as magnetic elements [51,52] and their effect on the beam can be modelled using different electron beam kicks (earlier studies can also be found in [53,54]).…”

Section: Expected Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow electron lenses for beam collimation at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

Redaelli¹,

Appleby²,

Bruce³

et al. 2021

J. Inst.

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Electrons lenses produce a high-intensity electron beam and have a variety of applications to circular hadron accelerators. Electron beams of different transverse cross sections and distributions may be designed, depending on the desired application, and they are produced and steered along the orbit of the hadron beam, overlapping with it for typical distances of a few meters before being deflected away and disposed of. Hollow electron beams find applications to high-intensity beam collimation for machines like the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such devices can be integrated in a collimation system to improve the halo-cleaning performance through an active control of the halo dynamics: the annular distribution of the electrons excites resonantly the beam tails surrounding the beam core, while the core itself remains unperturbed, as ideally it only "sees" the field-free "hole" in the electron distribution. Hollow electron lenses are part of the upgrade baseline of the High-Luminosity project of the LHC (HL-LHC) and will be installed in the machine during a long shutdown in 2025-2027 to mitigate effects from beam losses so to improve the collimation system performance. This paper describes the hollow electron lens project within the HL-LHC collimation upgrade. K: Accelerator Applications; Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics; single-particle dynamics); Accelerator Subsystems and Technologies; Beam dynamics Work supported by the HL-LHC project.

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“…The studies reported in this paper were carried out using SixTrack [48-52] that allows a symplectic, fully chromatic, and 6D tracking along the magnetic lattice of the machine, taking into account interactions with the ring collimators and the detailed aperture model of the entire ring. SixTrack has been successfully benchmarked with data of LHC beam loss patterns in [3,[53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Simulation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamics of proton beams with hollow electron lens in the CERN high-luminosity LHC

et al. 2021

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The design stored beam energy in the CERN high-luminosity large hadron collider (HL-LHC) upgrade is about 700 MJ, with about 36 MJ in the beam tails, according to estimates based on scaling considerations from measurements at the LHC. Such a large amount of stored energy in the beam tails poses serious challenges on its control and safe disposal. In particular, orbit jitters can cause significant losses on primary collimators, which can lead to accidental beam dumps, magnet quenches, or even permanent damage to collimators and other accelerator elements. Thus, active control of the diffusion speed of halo particles is necessary and the use of hollow electron lenses (HELs) represents the most promising approach to handle overpopulated tails at the HL-LHC. HEL is a very powerful and advanced tool that can be used for controlled depletion of beam tails, thus enhancing the performance of beam halo collimation. For these reasons, HELs have been recently included in the HL-LHC baseline. In this paper, we present detailed beam dynamics calculations performed with the goal of defining HEL specifications and operational scenarios for HL-LHC. The prospects for effective halo control in HL-LHC are presented.

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Reducing Beam-Related Background on Forward Physics Detectors Using Crystal Collimation at the Large Hadron Collider1

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

LHC Upgrades in preparation of Run 3

LHC Upgrades in preparation of Run 3

Hollow electron lenses for beam collimation at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

Nonlinear dynamics of proton beams with hollow electron lens in the CERN high-luminosity LHC

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