Reducing Biomass Utilization in the Ethiopia Energy System: A National Modeling Analysis

Yurnaidi, Zulfikar; Kim, Suduk

doi:10.3390/en11071745

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, GCAM is a global model that represents the behavior of, and interactions between five systems: energy, water, agriculture, and land use, the economy, and climate [21,22]. More so, according to the documentation on the model, the model has been used to produce scenarios for national and international assessments ranging from the very first IPCC scenarios through the present Shared Socioeconomic Pathways [23] and amongst others, has also used to model and analyze petroleum products in the Korean energy system [21] and to study how biomass utilization in the Ethiopian energy system could be reduced [8].…”

Section: Gcam Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abundant availability and widespread use of biomass in developing countries for energy purposes has inspired lots of studies on various biomass applications and to analyze the impact of such applications on the environment and economy, and in particular, the energy sector. According to previous studies, biomass will remain the main energy source for residences in developing countries for decades to come [8]. Different factors influence the demand for biomass, namely: economic, geographic, and household dwelling and family characteristics, and most importantly, the household expenditure per capita [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Biomass Transformation Efficiency on the Energy Consumption Pattern of the Building Sector

Ebako¹

2022

Preprint

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The building sector of most tropical countries still use predominantly primary biomass as the principal fuel. This has adverse effects like CO2 emission and deforestation and is associated with issues like poverty, ill-health, and low standard of living. Therefore, energy policies try to improve on the efficiency of firewood and charcoal end-use technologies, to palliate the negative effects. In this research, the global change assessment model (GCAM) is used, to investigate the impact of efficiency improvement on the energy consumption pattern of the building sector of developing countries. The aim of the study is to provide empirical data that would better inform policymakers on the effects of modernizing these primary fuels. The study developed three scenarios with different levels of efficiency improvements. The results show that efficiency improvement rather increases primary biomass consumption and CO2 emission. However, there is a fall in the consumption of traditional biomass in the second half of the modelling period. The increase in biomass-based fuels consumption was seen to be linked to their affordability. Therefore, policymakers need not only elaborate policies that improve biomass efficiency, but also introduce and motivate other clean cooking fuels like butane, biogas, and electricity.

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Section: Gcam Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Biomass Transformation Efficiency on the Energy Consumption Pattern of the Building Sector

Ebako¹

2022

Preprint

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“…The main energy resource used in electricity generation in the country is hydropower. The country's electricity power system consumes 832 ktoe of hydropower [24]. According to these authors, 38.7% of electricity is consumed in the residential sector (35.8% for lighting and 1.32% for cooking services).…”

Section: (C) Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(d) Fossil-fuel services According to SNV [21], of the 36.4 Mtoe generated in Ethiopia in 2014, 8% is from petroleum. Yurnaidi and Kim [24] showed further that 1.43% of energy from fossil fuel goes for residential cooking service. Hence, only about 41.6 ktoe used for cooking services is from fossil fuel.…”

Section: (C) Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Bioenergy to the Modern Energy Services in Ethiopia

Megersa

Jemal

Desisa

2021

Preprint

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Biomass based traditional energy has been the main energy supply in Ethiopia. Efforts are being made to shift to modern bioenergy utilization but the level of contribution of modern bioenergy to the total energy supply of the country’s supply is not computed. In this synthesis we described the contribution of bioenergy to modern energy utilization in the country. Data used here was retrieved from the country’s official reports and published literatures. Access to modern cooking services in the country was particularly focused on and both biogas feedstock productivities and biogas processing efficiencies were calculated. Herfindahl Index (HI) was calculated to observe the change in the diversity of the total primary energy supply due to bioenergy in the country. Results indicated that only a few households, 10%, had access to modern bioenergy services. Less than 0.10% of households have a biogas digester. The HI values showed the low diversity of the energy supply and the very limited contribution of modern bioenergy. This synthesis indicated that the contribution of modern bioenergy to the energy supply of the country is very low. Very low difference was observed between Herfindahl Indexes with and without considering modern bioenergy in the total primary energy supply (TPES) of the country is also found to be insignificant. Results found indicated lower diversity of the energy supply of Ethiopia and very limited contribution of modern bioenergy to the diversity and security of the energy supply.

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“…While GCAM's energy-economy system presents 32 regions globally including South Korea as a separate region, the recent GCAM represents various spatial resolutions for capturing the heterogeneity of certain regions which have not been modeled separately. As an example of a country-specific GCAM, which was not modeled as a separate region before, GCAM-Ethiopia was developed by separating Ethiopia from Eastern Africa that is one of the 32 global regions to go over biomass policy effects on Ethiopian energy consumption [33]. GCAM-Gujarat is a bit more detailed country GCAM.…”

Section: Global Change Assessment Model and Gcam-koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Air Pollutant Emissions in the Provincial Level Road Transportation Sector in Korea: A Case Study of the Zero-Emission Vehicle Subsidy

et al. 2020

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South Korea has been suffering from high PM2.5 pollution. Previous studies have contributed to establishing PM2.5 mitigation policies but have not considered provincial features and sector-interactions. In that sense, the integrated assessment model (IAM) could complement the shortcomings of previous studies. IAM, capable of analyzing PM2.5 pollution levels at the provincial level in Korea, however, has not been developed yet. Hence, this study (i) expands on IAM which can represent provincial-level spatial resolution in Korea (GCAM-Korea) with air pollutant emissions modeling which focuses on the road transportation sector and (ii) examines the zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) subsidy policy’s effects on PM2.5 mitigation using the expanded GCAM-Korea. Simulation results show that PM2.5 emissions decrease by 0.6–4.1% compared to the baseline, and the Seoul metropolitan area contributes 38–44% to the overall PM2.5 emission reductions. As the ZEVs subsidy is weighted towards the light-duty vehicle 4-wheels (LDV4W) sector, various spillover effects are found: ZEVs’ share rises intensively in the LDV4W sector leading to an increase in its service costs, and at the same time, driving bus service costs to become relatively cheaper. This, in turn, drives an increase in bus service demand and emissions discharge. Furthermore, this type of impact of the ZEVs subsidy policy does not reduce internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in freight trucks, although diesel freight trucks are a major contributor to PM2.5 emissions and also to NOx.

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Reducing Biomass Utilization in the Ethiopia Energy System: A National Modeling Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of Biomass Transformation Efficiency on the Energy Consumption Pattern of the Building Sector

Impact of Biomass Transformation Efficiency on the Energy Consumption Pattern of the Building Sector

Contribution of Bioenergy to the Modern Energy Services in Ethiopia

Modeling Air Pollutant Emissions in the Provincial Level Road Transportation Sector in Korea: A Case Study of the Zero-Emission Vehicle Subsidy

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