Reducing Cavity-Pulling Shift in Ramsey-Operated Compact Clocks

Gozzelino, Michele; Micalizio, Salvatore; Levi, Filippo; Godone, A.; Calosso, Claudio

doi:10.1109/tuffc.2018.2828987

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In our case, we adopt a new approach based on the possibility of extracting directly from the atoms the information about the perturbing parameters. For example, we implemented and use routinely a technique based on the so-called Rabi oscillations to stabilize the amplitude of the microwave field (Gozzelino et al 2018). In other words, we exploit the pulsed regime and the possibility to program arbitrarily long clock sequences to use the atoms themselves as microwave amplitude discriminators.…”

Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications

et al. 2021

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We present the results of 10 years of research related to the development of a Rubidium vapor cell clock based on the principle of pulsed optical pumping (POP). Since in the pulsed approach, the clock operation phases take place at different times, this technique demonstrated to be very effective in curing several issues affecting traditional Rb clocks working in a continuous regime, like light shift, with a consequent improvement of the frequency stability performances. We describe two laboratory prototypes of POP clock, both developed at INRIM. The first one achieved the best results in terms of frequency stability: an Allan deviation of σy(τ) = 1.7 × 10−13 τ−1/2, being τ the averaging time, has been measured. In the prospect of a space application, we show preliminary results obtained with a second more recent prototype based on a loaded cavity-cell arrangement. This clock has a reduced size and exhibited an Allan deviation of σy(τ) = 6 × 10−13 τ−1/2, still a remarkable result for a vapor cell device. In parallel, an ongoing activity performed in collaboration with Leonardo S.p.A. and aimed at developing an engineered space prototype of the POP clock is finally mentioned. Possible issues related to space implementation are also briefly discussed. On the basis of the achieved results, the POP clock represents a promising technology for future GNSSs.

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Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications

et al. 2021

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“…5) ≤ 6 × 10 −15 when operating at θ = 0.56 • ξ. Furthermore, an active microwave power stabilization scheme, such as the one proposed in [33], benefitting from the pulse interrogation approach and from the atoms' response may be useful to decrease the microwave power fluctuations. In this case, not only the contribution of the MPS effect but also that of the cavity-pulling effect (see Section III-F) via fluctuations of θ would be reduced.…”

Section: B Microwave-power Shift Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Stability Analysis Toward <10⁻¹⁴ Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

Almat

Gharavipour

Moreno

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Long-term frequency instabilities in vapor-cell clocks mainly arise from fluctuations of the experimental and environmental parameters that are converted to clock frequency fluctuations via various physical processes. Here, we discuss the frequency sensitivities and the resulting stability limitations at one-day timescale for a rubidium vapor-cell clock based on a compact magnetron-type cavity operated in air (no vacuum environment). Under ambient laboratory conditions, the external atmospheric pressure fluctuations may dominantly limit the clock stability via the barometric effect. We establish a complete long-term instability budget for our clock operated under stable pressure conditions. Where possible, the fluctuations of experimental parameters are measured via the atomic response. The measured clock instability of <2 × 10 −14 at one day is limited by the intensity light-shift effect, which could further be reduced by active stabilization of the laser intensity or stronger optical pumping. The analyses reported here show the way toward simple, compact, and low-power vapor-cell atomic clocks with excellent long-term stabilities ≤10 −14 at one day when operated in ambient laboratory conditions.

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“…5) ≤ 6 × 10 −15 when operating at θ = 0.56 • π. Furthermore, an active microwave power stabilization scheme, such as the one proposed in [33], benefitting from the pulse interrogation approach and from the atoms' response may be useful to decrease the microwave power fluctuations. In this case, not only the contribution of the MPS effect but also that of the cavity-pulling effect (see Section III-F) via fluctuations of θ would be reduced.…”

Section: B Microwave-power Shift Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Stability Analysis Towards < 10^-14 Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

Almat

Gharavipour

Moreno

et al. 2019

2019 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF/IFC)

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Long-term frequency instabilities in vapor-cell clocks mainly arise from fluctuations of the experimental and environmental parameters that are converted to clock frequency fluctuations via various physical processes. Here, we discuss the frequency sensitivities and the resulting stability limitations at one-day timescale for a rubidium vapor-cell clock based on a compact magnetron-type cavity operated in air (no vacuum environment). Under ambient laboratory conditions, the external atmospheric pressure fluctuations may dominantly limit the clock stability via the barometric effect. We establish a complete longterm instability budget for our clock operated under stable pressure conditions. Where possible, the fluctuations of experimental parameters are measured via the atomic response. The measured clock instability of <2 × 10 −14 at one day is limited by the intensity light-shift effect, which could further be reduced by active stabilization of the laser intensity or stronger optical pumping. The analyses reported here show the way toward simple, compact, and low-power vapor-cell atomic clocks with excellent long-term stabilities ≤10 −14 at one day when operated in ambient laboratory conditions.

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Reducing Cavity-Pulling Shift in Ramsey-Operated Compact Clocks

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications

A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications

Long-Term Stability Analysis Toward <10⁻¹⁴ Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

Long-Term Stability Analysis Towards < 10^-14 Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

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Reducing Cavity-Pulling Shift in Ramsey-Operated Compact Clocks

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications

A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications

Long-Term Stability Analysis Toward <10−14 Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

Long-Term Stability Analysis Towards < 10-14 Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

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Product

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Long-Term Stability Analysis Toward <10⁻¹⁴ Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock

Long-Term Stability Analysis Towards < 10^-14 Level for a Highly Compact POP Rb Cell Atomic Clock