Reducing Temper Embrittlement by Lanthanide Additions

García, C. I.; Ratz, G. A.; Burke, M.G.; DeArdo, A. J.

doi:10.1007/bf03258635

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The creep strength and recrystallization temperature of tungsten materials can be improved by dispersing oxides of lanthanum or yttria [ 54 ]. The addition of lanthanum to steel successfully reduced the temper embrittlement that occurs due to P and S [ 69 , 70 ]. This is the impetus for experimenting with oxides of lanthanum with tungsten heavy alloys.…”

Section: Effect Of Oxide Dispersions On Whamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review

et al. 2021

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Tungsten heavy alloys are two-phase metal matrix composites that include W–Ni–Fe and W–Ni–Cu. The significant feature of these alloys is their ability to acquire both strength and ductility. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the basic alloy and to limit or avoid the need for post-processing techniques, other elements are doped with the alloy and performance studies are carried out. This work focuses on the developments through the years in improving the performance of the classical tungsten heavy alloy of W–Ni–Fe through doping of other elements. The influence of the percentage addition of rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum, and their oxides and refractory metals such as rhenium, tantalum, and molybdenum on the mechanical properties of the heavy alloy is critically analyzed. Based on the microstructural and property evaluation, the effects of adding the elements at various proportions are discussed. The addition of molybdenum and rhenium to the heavy alloy gives good strength and ductility. The oxides of yttrium, when added in a small quantity, help to reduce the tungsten’s grain size and obtain good tensile and compressive strengths at high temperatures.

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Section: Effect Of Oxide Dispersions On Whamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review

et al. 2021

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“…37 An alternative strategy to mitigate the effect of phosphorus is to getter it using strong phosphide forming elements such as La and Ce. 38,39 For example, in creep resistant steels such as the classical 2JCr-1Mo steel, about 0.16 wt-% of lanthanum is said to relieve temper embrittlment due to 0.02 wt-%P. 38 Such elements also combine with oxygen and sulphur to form oxysulphides that can be coarse and lead to a reduction in toughness.…”

Section: Substitutional Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is low phosphorus content in steel a product requirement?

Bhadeshia

Suh

2015

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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An attempt is made, on the basis to published literature, to assess the amount of phosphorus that might be present in the steels without making it susceptible to grain boundary embrittlement. Embrittlement occurs when the general resistance to plastic flow is comparable to the stress required to separate crystals at their boundaries. A criterion is developed that enables a simple assessment to be made of the tendency to embrittle as a function of yield strength and the fraction of grain boundary sites that are covered by phosphorus. The latter is also sensitive to chemical composition, since some elements such as carbon segregate preferentially to phosphorus, giving rise to site competition that can permit a greater tolerance to the impurity. Other solutes affect the embrittling potency by different mechanisms, not all of which are clear.

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“…Subsequently, Charpy impact test exhibited that temper embrittlement could be fully restrained by an optimum lanthanum addition, according to [La] wt% = 8.7[S] wt% + 2.3[Sn] wt% + 4.5[P] wt% . Sproule and Garcia have also reported that rare earth additions suppressed temper embrittlement of 2.25Cr‐l Mo steels by forming rare earth inclusions which trapped the impurities P, Sn, As. Kukhtin has pointed out that the atom concentrations ratio of Ce to the individual impurity in some inclusions of Cr‐Ni steel containing 0.6 wt% Ce were close to the stoichiometric ratio of CeAs, CeSb or Ce (P, As, Sb) phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Cerium on Characteristic of Inclusions and Grain Boundary Segregation of Arsenic in Iron Melts

Xin

Song

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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In order to depress the embrittlement induced by grain boundary segregation of arsenic in steel, the effect of Ce addition on the formation of arsenious inclusions and arsenic concentration at grain boundaries were systematically investigated in iron melts. The results showed that different types of arsenious rare earth inclusions were formed with different Ce content. As Ce content increased from 0.037 to 0.095 wt%, the dominant inclusion in the melt was changed from the Ce-S-O inclusion fully coated by Ce-S-As inclusion to the Ce-S-As inclusion completely covered by Ce-As inclusion. Simultaneously, the single Ce-S-As and Ce-As inclusions were also detected when Ce content was more than 0.055 wt%. The amount and average size of inclusions increased with increasing Ce content. Transmission electron microscope analysis indicated that the Ce-As inclusion was the CeAs phase, which was formed during solidification process. Furthermore, concentration of arsenic on grain boundaries after adding Ce was decreased to the level of the matrix.

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Reducing Temper Embrittlement by Lanthanide Additions

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review

Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review

Is low phosphorus content in steel a product requirement?

Effect of Cerium on Characteristic of Inclusions and Grain Boundary Segregation of Arsenic in Iron Melts

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