Reduction of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria During Conventional and Advanced Wastewater Treatment, and the Disseminated Loads Released to the Environment

Jäger, Thomas; Hembach, Norman; Elpers, Christian; Wieland, Arne; Alexander, Johannes; Hiller, Christian; Krauter, G.; Schwartz, Thomas

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02599

Cited by 94 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The Student's t test was used if the data were normally distributed, to identify significant differences between the treatments. In the case of a non-standard distribution, the significance was tested by a Mann-Whitney U-test [46]. The significance of the changes in the Sørensen index in comparison to the control was investigated with the two-sample t tests on the α-levels of 0.05 and 0.01.…”

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confidence: 99%

The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)

2020

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Background: The anti-diabetic pharmaceutical metformin is frequently analysed in the aquatic environment. Its impact on the fish microbiome is studied to get a deeper knowledge about the consequence of the metformin presence in river systems. Gut microbiome analyses were performed on larval brown trout with metformin including environmental concentrations. Therefore, the fish were exposed to metformin in concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L. Especially, the lower metformin concentrations were measured in river waters containing percentages of conditioned wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Results: Two complementary molecular biological methods for population analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3, i.e.: (1) 16S amplicon sequencing and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Both analyses demonstrated significant microbiome alterations even at low metformin concentrations being analysed in German rivers. The amplicon sequencing revealed the most distinct shifts in the Firmicutes phylum, or more specifically, within the Bacillales order, which were most affected by metformin exposure. Within the Bacillales order, the Planococcaceae family, which is described to provide essential amino acids for the fish, completely disappeared after metformin treatment. Conversely, the percentage of other bacteria, such as Staphylococcaceae, increased after exposure to metformin. Similarity profiles of the microbiomes could be generated using the Sørensen index calculation after PCR-DGGE analyses and confirmed shifts in the composition of the brown trout intestinal microbiome after metformin exposures. In vitro gene expression analyses of virulence factors from fish pathogens, previously identified in the fish microbiomes DNA extracts, were conducted in the presence or absence of environmentally relevant concentrations. Here, marker genes of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Aeromonas hydrophila were detected and quantified via PCR approaches, firstly. An increased expression of the speciesspecific virulence genes was observed after normalisation with control data and ribosomal housekeeping genes. Conclusion: Environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin can alter the composition in gut microbiome of brown trout in different ways. Both, the metformin-induced expression of virulence genes in fish pathogens in vitro and the impact of metformin on the microbiome composition in vivo in larval brown trout open the discussion about a possible long-term effect on the vitality, growth, and development in more mature brown trouts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)

2020

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“…All samples were measured in technical triplicates. The specific taxonomic and resistance-directed genes in the entire bacterial community were quantified utilizing an SYBR Green qPCR approach according to Hembach et al, and Jäger et al 7,37 . Cell equivalent calculation according to Hembach et al 7,8 was performed to calculate the absolute concentration of ARG/FPB normalized to 100 mL of water sample.…”

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Evaluation of antibiotic resistance dissemination by wastewater treatment plant effluents with different catchment areas in Germany

Alexander

Hembach

Schwartz

2020

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The study quantified the abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and facultative pathogenic bacteria (FPB) as well as one mobile genetic element in genomic DNA via qPCR from 23 different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in Germany. 12 clinically relevant ARGs were categorized into frequently, intermediately, and rarely occurring genetic parameters of communal wastewaters. Taxonomic PCR quantifications of five FPB targeting Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and enterococci were performed. The WWTPs differed in their catchment areas being impacted by hospitals, food processing companies, or housing areas only. The total discharges of the analyzed ARGs and FPB were found to cluster independently of the sizes of the WWTPs with a maximum difference of two log units within one cluster. Initially, quantitative data evaluations revealed no significant difference between ARG categories and WWTP catchment areas. More distinct correlations became obvious with a Pearson correlation approach, where each single taxonomic marker is compared to each ARG target. Here, increased correlation of FPB (i.e. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and enterococci) with clinically relevant ARGs of the category of rarely occurring resistance genes (bla NDM-1 , vanA) was found in WWTP effluents being influenced by hospital wastewaters.

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“…It has been shown that in many cases, sewage treatment process cannot signi cantly eliminate resistant strains or resistance genes (7). Furthermore, there are some reports that showed the increase in both antibiotic resistance rates and antibiotic resistance genes for post treatment sewage isolates (18,19). For instance, research has shown that sewage treatment process caused an increase in antibiotic resistance of E. coli to nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole, cephalexin and ceftriaxone (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pre and Post Treated Hospital Sewage

Akya

Shavise-Zadeh

Bozorgomid

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The dissemination of resistant strains of bacteria into the environment through hospital sewage has been recognized as a public health concern. We investigated the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolated from hospital sewage.Methods: E. coli strains were isolated from the hospital sewage system from both pre and post treatment phases in a general hospital of Kermanshah city (west of Iran). Resistance to antibiotics (clindamycin, ceftriaxone, Co-trimoxazole, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and piperacillin) was determined by disc diffusion. Isolates were screened phenotypically for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production. The frequency of common antibiotic resistance genes (bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, and qnr) were detected by PCR and data was statistically analyzed.Results: Sixty E. coli strains (30 for pre treatment and 30 for post treatment sewage) were randomly selected from isolates. All ESBL-producing isolates showed resistance to three antibiotic classes and were MDR. For non-ESBL isolates, 70 and 90 percent were MDR for pre and post treatment sewage, respectively. Of isolates tested, 100% had at least one of resistance genes. The frequency of bla CTX-M-1 gene was significantly higher in isolates of post treatment sewage. The bla TEM gene was more common than other genes in ESBL-producing isolates.Conclusion: The high rate of antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in E. coli isolates of hospital sewage, especially in post treatment is alarming. These data suggest that despite the widespread use of active sludge system to treat hospital sewage, they may not capable to adequately eliminate or reduce the antibiotic resistance strains of E.coli.

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Reduction of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria During Conventional and Advanced Wastewater Treatment, and the Disseminated Loads Released to the Environment

Cited by 94 publications

References 43 publications

The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)

The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance dissemination by wastewater treatment plant effluents with different catchment areas in Germany

The Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pre and Post Treated Hospital Sewage

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