Reduction potentials of energy demand and GHG emissions in China's road transport sector

Yan, Xiaoyu; Crookes, Roy J.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.10.008

Cited by 241 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The stock model is driven by Population P and lifestyle in Conventional diesel cars are not included explicitly since they face severe government constraints due to China's limited supply of diesel, and sales have been negligible in the past. 16 Although their slightly lower relative carbon emissions 17 can contribute to increase the fleet average fuel efficiency, the overall impact in the case of China is considered negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Sectoral Abatement Strategies with Global Climate Targets: The Case of the Chinese Passenger Vehicle Fleet

Pauliuk

Dhaniati

Müller

2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The IPCC Forth Assessment Report postulates that global warming can be limited to 2˚C by deploying technologies that are currently available or expected to be commercialized in the coming decades. However, neither specific technological pathways nor reduction targets for different sectors have been established. Using direct CO 2 emissions from the growing passenger car stock in China as example, we investigate whether it is sufficient to focus on reductions within the different sectors of energy use while assuming even contribution of all sectors and a unitary global per capita emission quota. We performed a dynamic Material Flow Analysis on the passenger car stock to compute future direct CO 2 emissions depending on population, car utilization, and fuel efficiency. 3Massive deployment of present prototypes of fuel efficient cars can reduce emissions by about 45% compared to average car use in industrialized countries; moderately lower use could contribute with another 33 %. Still, emissions remain about two times higher than the 2˚C target and hence, alternative fuels, more significant lifestyle changes, or reduction potentials beyond the sector boundary have to be explored. The proposed model facilitates the necessary extension as it offers direct interfaces to material industries, fuel production, and supply of scrap vehicles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Sectoral Abatement Strategies with Global Climate Targets: The Case of the Chinese Passenger Vehicle Fleet

Pauliuk

Dhaniati

Müller

2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The number of vehicles has grown from 42 million in 2000 to nearly 200 million in 2010, and as a consequence, the gasoline consumption has increased from 13.9 million tons in 2000 up to 32.0 million tons, which accounts for 46.5% of the total gasoline use in 2010 [1,2]. Furthermore, according to the previous studies this number may be even underestimated [3,4]. However, more than half (about 53.4%) of the crude oil used in China was imported from other countries [5], and this high import ratio will greatly impact the energy security and economic development of China, making the reduction of the gasoline consumption with the sharp increase of vehicle numbers an important but difficult problem to solve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Environmental Implications of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in China

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The promotion of hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs) has been proposed as one promising solution for reducing transport energy consumption and mitigating vehicular emissions in China. In this study, the energy and environmental impacts of hybrid and EVs during 2010-2020 were evaluated through an energy conversion analysis and a life cycle assessment (LCA), and the per-kilometer energy consumptions of gasoline, coal, natural gas (NG), oil, biomass, garbage and electricity for EVs and HEVs were estimated. Results show that the EVs and HEVs can reduce the energy consumption of vehicles by national average ratios of 17%-19% and 30%-33%, respectively. The study also calculated the detailed emission factors of SO 2 , NO X , VOC, CO, NH 3 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 , OC, EC, CO 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 , Pb and Hg. It is indicated that the HEVs can bring significant reductions of NO X , VOC and CO emissions and lesser decreases of SO 2 and CO 2 for a single vehicle. The EVs could decrease many of the VOC, NH 3 , CO and CO 2 emissions, but increase the SO 2 , NO X and particles by 10.8-13.0, 2.7-2.9 and 3.6-11.5 times, respectively. In addition, the electricity sources had significant influence on energy consumption (EC) and emissions. A high proportion of coal-fired energy resulted in large ECs and emission factors. The total energy consumption and pollutants emission changes in 2015 and 2020 were also calculated. Based on the energy use and emission analysis of HEVs and EVs, it is suggested that EVs should be promoted in the regions with higher proportions of OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 2664 hydropower, natural gas-fired power and clean energy power, while HEVs can be widely adopted in the regions with high coal-fired power ratios. This is to achieve a higher energy consumption reduction and pollutant emission mitigation. Moreover, the results can also provide scientific support for the total amount control of regional air pollutants in China.

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“…One of the major contributors to a city's energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is the transport sector. Currently, this is the fastest growing sector worldwide in energy consumption and cities account for the fast majority of this growth (Yan and Crookes 2009). In China this growth in transport emissions is especially daunting due to the rapid increase in motorised private transport: expectations under a business-as-usual scenario are that 35% of future automobile sales growth is from this country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

2017

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Studies on cities in Europe and the United States have demonstrated that travel behaviour is influenced by urban form. Based on these findings policies steering the shape of cities have been proposed to reduce urban transport emissions and limit congestion. Such policies can also be relevant for the rapidly growing and motorising Chinese cities. Yet, empirical evidence on the relationships between urban form and car usage is scarce for the specific Chinese context that is characterised by high densities, fast development and strong government steering. Using novel crowd-sourced datasets we study the impact of several urban form variables (city size, urban density, land-use mix, polycentricity and spatial clustering) on the cost of commuting expressed in time and distance. The results show that city size and spatial clustering are important determinants of commuting: large cities without clear clusters of businesses and other facilities have longer average commuting times and distances. Increased prosperity also adds to longer and lengthier commutes. Spatial planning measures that maintain or reinforce high-density clusters can help limiting commuting distance and time. Current sprawled urban development may have long-term, negative consequences for the accessibility and liveability of Chinese cities and could hamper their economic potential.

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Reduction potentials of energy demand and GHG emissions in China's road transport sector

Cited by 241 publications

References 29 publications

Reconciling Sectoral Abatement Strategies with Global Climate Targets: The Case of the Chinese Passenger Vehicle Fleet

Reconciling Sectoral Abatement Strategies with Global Climate Targets: The Case of the Chinese Passenger Vehicle Fleet

Energy and Environmental Implications of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in China

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

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