Reductions in TBT concentrations in UK estuaries following legislation in 1986 and 1987

Waite, Moseley; Waldock, M. J.; Thain, John E.; Smith, Darren J.; Milton, Susan

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(91)90036-8

Cited by 154 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In Auckland, New Zealand TBT measurements made a few years after the regulations were implemented showed a decrease in surface concentrations and the authors concluded that the restrictions were beneficial [20]. A marked decrease in concentrations of TBT in oysters and mussels occurred in the years after the 1987 ban in the UK [26]. A comparison of the TBT content in fish muscle tissue from 1985 to 1993 in the German North Sea and the river Elbe showed that levels had dropped by a factor of 3.5 and 6.5, respectively [27].…”

Section: Reduction Of Organic Tin Substances In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tributyltin Originates from Pleasure Boats in Sweden in Spite of Firm Restrictions

Eklund¹,

Elfström²,

Borg³

2008

TOENVIRSJ

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Abstract:The temporal and spatial distributions of organic tin compounds, irgarol and metals in sediments from a marina and the harbor of a small town near Stockholm, Sweden were investigated as part of a study of the environmental impacts of anti-fouling paint. The upper (0-2 cm) sediment layer was collected at seven stations in the marina and eight stations in the small town harbor; two reference stations were also sampled. High levels of tributyltin (TBT) were detected in sediment that decreased along a spatial gradient moving away from the slipway in the marina. TBT was ten times higher in the surface sediment when compared to subsurface layers (10 cm deep). The highest concentrations of TBT were found at the slipways (up to 2000 g TBT/kg DW) of the harbor. Analysis of accumulated sediments obtained from a collection basin situated beneath a boat washer revealed very high concentrations of TBT (63 000 g/kg DW). These data provide persuasive evidence that TBT is still being released from pleasure craft even though it has been banned for use on such boats for 19 years. The source of the TBT is most likely from older paint that has been covered with newer coats. Our observations, together with other literature-based data, suggest that TBT is still being released into the environment and poses a serious ecological problem at marinas throughout the world.

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Section: Reduction Of Organic Tin Substances In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tributyltin Originates from Pleasure Boats in Sweden in Spite of Firm Restrictions

Eklund¹,

Elfström²,

Borg³

2008

TOENVIRSJ

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“…In environments with high particulate loads where photochemical reactions are less active and transport to sediments may occur before extensive degradation in the water column takes place, sediments are a potential source of TBT and TPT even after the use has been interrupted (Dowson et al, 1993(Dowson et al, , 1996Langston & Pope, 1995;Sarradin et al, 1991Sarradin et al, , 1994. The tendency to accumulate in sediments becomes evident from the levels of TBT reported for contaminated sediments that may range from 300ng.g -1 up to 1,000ng.g -1 or more, when compared to slightly contaminated sediments, where levels are in the range of 10 to 50ng.g -1 (Waite et al, 1991). Values as high as 4,500ng.g -1 TBT in sediments where detected in Thailand (Kan-Atireklap et al, 1997a) or 3,200ng.g -1 TBT in Hong-Kong (Ko et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The detrimental effects of TBT and TPT upon non-target organisms led to restrictions to the use, first in France in 1982, where antifouling paintings containing TBT were prohibited for boats of less than 25m length (Sarradin et al, 1991;Waite et al, 1991), and then in many other countries, such as the United Kingdom (1987), United States (1988), Sweden, New Zealand (1989), Australia, Japan (1990) and Denmark (1991) (Champ & Pugh, 1987;de Mora et al, 1989;Horiguchi et al, 1994;Kure & Depledge, 1994;May et al, 1993;Stewart & de Mora, 1990;Stuer-Lauridsen & Dahl, 1995). Germany and Switzerland imposed restrictions also for freshwater environments (Champ, 1986 (Champ, 1999;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of imposex in Thais haemastoma: possible evidence of environmental contamination derived from organotin compounds in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, Brazil

et al. 2002

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There are indications that the widespread use of organotin compounds (TBT and TPT) as antifoulings, as stabilizers in plastic and as pesticides, has severely affected several species of marine organisms. The most striking effect of TBT and TPT as hormonal disruptors is the development of male organs in females of gastropods, currently denominated imposex. This syndrome can lead to the sterilization and death of affected organisms. The present work gives an overview of the present state of knowledge on imposex occurrence and reports results of a survey conducted in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro and in several sites along the coast of Fortaleza, Ceará State. Different stages of imposex development were verified in this survey, however, the most prominent levels appeared associated to known spot sources of TBT and TPT.

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“…As recently reviewed by Matthiessen (2008) (ISO, 2006;ASTM 2007 a & b;Chapman et al, 1995;Gibbs, 1999;Oehlmann, 2004;Thain, 1991;Widdows and Staff, 2006) the resulting methods are of limited applicability for the study of EDCs. Some of them are acute tests, others bioassays for quality assessment of marine waters or contaminated soils, whilst others focus on biomonitoring studies with animal samples from the field.…”

Section: Candidate Test Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Review Paper (DRP) on Molluscs Life-cycle Toxicity Testing

2014

OECD Series on Testing and Assessment

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No.107 Preservative treated wood to the environment for wood held in storage after treatment and for wooden commodities that are not cover and are not in contact with ground. (2009) No.108 Report of the validation of the Hershberger Bioassay (weanling model) (2009) No. 109 Literature review on the 21-Day Fish Assay and the Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay (2009) No. 110 Report of the validation peer review for the weanling Hershberger Bioassay and agreement of the working of national coordinators of the test guidelines programme on the follow-up of this report (2009) No. 111 Report of the Expert Consultation to Evaluate an Estrogen Receptor Binding Affinity Model for Hazard Identification (2009) No. 112 The 2007 OECD List of High Production Volume Chemicals (2009) No. 113 Report of The Focus Session On Current And Forthcoming Approaches For Chemical Safety And Animal Welfare (2010) No. 114 Performance Assessment of Different Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Measures for the In Vitro Micronucleus Test (MNVIT): Summary of results in the collaborative trial (2010) No. 115 Guidance Document on the Weanling Hershberger Bioassay in Rats: A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)E About the OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organisation in which representatives of 31 industrialised countries in North and South America, Europe and the Asia and Pacific region, as well as the European Commission, meet to co-ordinate and harmonise policies, discuss issues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems. Most of the OECD's work is carried out by more than 200 specialised committees and working groups composed of member country delegates. Observers from several countries with special status at the OECD, and from interested international organisations, attend many of the OECD's workshops and other meetings. Committees and working groups are served by the OECD Secretariat, located in Paris, France, which is organised into directorates and divisions. IV.Although there are some similarities between the endocrine systems of vertebrates and molluscs, the lack of knowledge about how EDCs act in molluscs currently prevents the use of mollusc-based tests as surrogates for tests with aquatic vertebrates such as fish.V. Given our relatively poor understanding of molluscan endocrinology, it is not currently possible to recommend the development of mollusc-based screening tests for the identification of EDCs. On the other hand, we are now in a position to start standardising apical mollusc tests involving partial or full lifecycle exposures. In principle, these are expected to be responsive to any chemicals (EDCs or nonEDCs) with activity in molluscs, even though they may not provide diagnostic information on modes of action (MoA). VI.The review recommends three apical test procedures for optimisation and possible validation. The first is a partial life cycle (PLC) test with the freshwater gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum, the second is a full li...

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Reductions in TBT concentrations in UK estuaries following legislation in 1986 and 1987

Cited by 154 publications

References 33 publications

Tributyltin Originates from Pleasure Boats in Sweden in Spite of Firm Restrictions

Tributyltin Originates from Pleasure Boats in Sweden in Spite of Firm Restrictions

Occurrence of imposex in Thais haemastoma: possible evidence of environmental contamination derived from organotin compounds in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, Brazil

Detailed Review Paper (DRP) on Molluscs Life-cycle Toxicity Testing

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