Reference Range of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Between 18 and 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in a Brazilian Population

Júnior, Edward Araujo; Martins, Wellington P.; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado; Pires, Cláudio Rodrigues; Filho, Sebastião Marques Zanforlin

doi:10.1177/0883073814527161

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Excluded studies and reasons for exclusion are reported in Table S3 . Finally, 42 studies, reported between January 1970 and 2021, met the inclusion criteria, and these provided data for 45,626 fetuses, included in the final analysis ( Table 1 ) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The median sample size of participating fetuses was 372.5 (range: 50 to 8313; 25th percentile: 175.8; 75th percentile: 709.3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine studies reported more than one fetal brain structure [ 9 , 10 , 17 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In addition, 4 studies reported charts for POF [ 9 , 10 , 17 , 36 ], 6 for SF [ 9 , 10 , 17 , 35 , 36 , 44 ], 3 for AV [ 22 , 36 , 43 ], 14 for PV [ 7 , 8 , 14 , 19 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 43 ], 20 for TCD [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures

et al. 2021

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Ultrasound-based assessment of the fetal nervous system is routinely recommended at the time of the mid-trimester anatomy scan or at different gestations based on clinical indications. This review evaluates the methodological quality of studies aimed at creating charts for fetal brain structures obtained by ultrasound, as poor methodology could explain substantial variability in percentiles reported. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from January 1970 to January 2021 to select studies on singleton fetuses, where the main aim was to construct charts on one or more clinically relevant structures obtained in the axial plane: parieto-occipital fissure, Sylvian fissure, anterior ventricle, posterior ventricle, transcerebellar diameter, and cisterna magna. Studies were scored against 29 predefined methodological quality criteria to identify the risk of bias. In total, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data for 45,626 fetuses. Substantial heterogeneity was identified in the methodological quality of included studies, and this may explain the high variability in centiles reported. In 80% of the studies, a high risk of bias was found in more than 50% of the domains scored. In conclusion, charts to be used in clinical practice and research should have an optimal study design in order to minimise the risk of bias and to allow comparison between different studies. We propose to use charts from studies with the highest methodological quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures

et al. 2021

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“…Using different planes for fetal head biometry can lead to significant measurement differences 33 . In some studies, landmarks for plane acquisition were not specified 34–44 , while in others, various oblique planes with numerous landmarks were proposed 45,46 . One of the strengths of our study is the use of standardized axial planes recommended in routine clinical practice for biometry assessment (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International standards for fetal brain structures based on serial ultrasound measurements from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study ofINTERGROWTH‐21^stProject

Napolitano

Molloholli

Donadono

et al. 2020

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Previous charts of brain measures in current use are based on mostly small studies with poor methodology, and no follow up. In this international study we create standards for the size of five fetal brain structures, based on a prospective cohort of fetuses followed up into childhood demonstrating normal neuro-development. What are the clinical implications of this work? Clinical use of such objective fetal brain structure measurements may help to improve the screening and diagnostic performance of prenatal ultrasound; will allow a unified approach of fetal assessment by integrating with other standards from the same population, and will result in a common language when describing aberrations from expected norms.

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“…Using the ultrasonographic technique or MRI investigation, recent studies determine different parameters of cerebellar development to establish the developmental age. Ultrasound studies highlight the importance of the transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) or vermis dimensions as an alternative procedure to the appreciation of gestational age by the measurement of biparietal diameter (BPD) of the skull [ 9 – 12 ]. Another tool of imaging determination, the MRI technique, gives the possibility to study the volume of developmental cerebellum as a more accurate parameter in relation with gestational age.…”

Section: Background and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Volume of the Cerebellum in the Second Semester of Gestation

Vulturar

Farcasanu

Turcu

et al. 2018

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Background and aimsThe cerebellum (“little brain”), the largest part of hind brain, lies in the posterior cranial fossa, beneath the occipital lobe and dorsal to the brainstem. It develops over a long period: it is one of the first structures in the brain to begin to differentiate, but one of the last to mature. The use of ultrasonography has significantly improved the evaluation of fetal growth and development and has permitted prenatal diagnosis of a variety of congenital malformations.The aim of our study was to evaluate the cerebellar growth and development using 2 different measuring techniques: microMRI and ultrasound technique. The cerebellum measurements were related to gestational age.MethodsWe used 14 human fetuses corresponding to 15–28 gestational weeks, immersed in a 9% formalin solution. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed by employing a Bruker BioSpec 70/16USR scanner (Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany), operated at 7.04 Tesla for cerebellar volume measurement. Ultrasonographic measurements of the cerebellum diameter were performed on 14 pregnant women, 15 – 28 gestational weeks. Ultrasound scan used 5–10 MHZ for transvaginal approach. Taking into consideration the values of the cerebellum dimensions and considering the general shape of the cerebellum as a transverse ellipsoid, the volume of the cerebellum was calculated by a mathematical formula for ellipsoid volume.ResultsThe study correlates the measurements from the microMRI study with the ultrasounds data and the results are superposable. Both established the exponential volume growth after the 22–23 GW. We used the ellipsoid volume formula for the cerebellar volume using the half of the three diameters of the cerebellum determined by ultrasound measurements:Cerebellar Volume = Ellipsoid volume = 3/4 π r1 r2 r3ConclusionThere is a linear correlation between the microMRI measurements and ultrasound determinations. Based on all collected data we could apply an easy formula to calculate the volume of cerebellum, a useful criterion in the evaluation of the cerebellar development and the appreciation of the gestational age.

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Reference Range of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Between 18 and 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in a Brazilian Population

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures

A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures

International standards for fetal brain structures based on serial ultrasound measurements from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study ofINTERGROWTH‐21^stProject

The Volume of the Cerebellum in the Second Semester of Gestation

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Reference Range of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Between 18 and 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in a Brazilian Population

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures

A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures

International standards for fetal brain structures based on serial ultrasound measurements from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study ofINTERGROWTH‐21stProject

The Volume of the Cerebellum in the Second Semester of Gestation

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Product

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International standards for fetal brain structures based on serial ultrasound measurements from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study ofINTERGROWTH‐21^stProject