Reference values for chromium, nickel and vanadium in urine of youngsters from the urban area of Rome

Abstract

In the assessment of human health risk, the obtainment of reference values in biological tissues and/or¯uids is crucial to estimate the type and magnitude of occupational and environmental exposure. In this context, urine is the major excretion route for many noxious substances that have entered the organism and can be viewed as one of the most useful materials for biomonitoring campaigns. In this study, reference concentration ranges for Cr, Ni and V in urine were achieved in a sub-population of 131 youngsters, aged 6±10, attending primary schools in the urban area of Rome. Subjects under drug therapy or affected by any pathological diseases were not included in this investigation. Strict precautions against contamination or loss of the analytes of interest were adopted for all steps. Determinations were performed by means of high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In general, the natural log-transformed concentration data for the three elements investigated conformed to a satisfactorily normal distribution. The estimated reference ranges were as follows (mg g 21 creatinine): Cr, 0.07±0.76; Ni, 0.20±1.23; V, 0.02±0.22. The sex of the youngsters was tentatively treated as a statistical explanatory variable using the Fischer F-test on variance.

Twenty-four-hour urinary trace element excretion: reference intervals and interpretive issues

“…Our exclusion criteria were less stringent than those proposed for the EURO TERVIHT (European Trace Element Reference Values in Human Tissues) project to collect reference data across the European Union, 34 and the strict criteria applied in other studies. 4,6,35 However, there is a risk that with excessive exclusions, the findings will be unrepresentative for the general population, 9 with healthy people worried unnecessarily by apparently abnormal results.…”

“…Samples with undetectable trace element concentrations were assigned a concentration of LOD/2 in order to include them in statistical evaluations. 2,6,11 Excretion per 24 h and the ratios of trace element to creatinine concentration were calculated for all subjects and for men and women separately. The distributions of the 24-h data were examined for each element (Analyse-It statistical package, Leeds, UK) and clear outliers identified visually.…”

Nivel de níquel urinario en niños residentes en ciudades cercanas a megafuentes

“…Dos aspectos se destacan de los resultados obtenidos: primero, que en ambas ciudades los niveles son elevados comparados con la literatura interna- [11][12][13][14][15] ; segundo que la ciudad clasificada como expuesta (Mejillones) supera en 25% el nivel de Ni urinario de la ciudad no expuesta (Tocopilla). Efectivamente estos niveles son elevados en comparación con los valores reportados en niños en la escasa literatura disponible.…”

Effects of customary drugs and modified herbal therapy on blood glucose and total antioxidant capacity in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in albino rats: A comparative analysis

“…This is higher than typical over-the-counter doses of 30 mg to 60 mg per day, [20]. Some researchers speculate that excess vanadium could also be involved in several diseases of the kidney [21] and bone [22] where it is known to accumulate. In recent years some researchers made efforts to detoxify vanadium or its corresponding salts.…”