Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ): Psychometric Properties of the Persian Translation and Exploration of Its Mediating Role in the Relationship between Attachment to Parents and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents

Mousavi, Parisa Sadat Seyed; Vahidi, Elahe; Ghanbari, Saeed; Khoshroo, Saba; Sakkaki, Seyede Zoha

doi:10.1080/15289168.2021.1945721

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Replicating the results of more recent studies [ 28 , 29 , 38 ], our study provides consistent evidence that a one-factor model adequately explains the observed covariation of RFQ-8 responses when using the new scoring system (proposed to evaluate concerns about the double-scoring procedure, the factor structure of the RFQ, and the validity of the RFQc scale [ 29 ]), challenging the capacity of the RFQ-8 to measure two different mentalization failures. In contrast with other validation studies [ 4 , 27 , 35 – 37 ] using the original scoring method, goodness-of-fit indices suggest that the RFQ-8 fails to adjust to a two-factor model when using CFA applying both the new and the original scoring methods ( S1 Fig ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Each item is evaluated according to a Likert-type scale from 1 to 6, ranging from "very much in disagreement" to "very much in agreement", and rescored to 0 to 5. Both scales of the RFQ showed moderate correlations with TASt (RFQc r = -0.53, p<0.05; RFQu r = 0.43, p<0.05), and DIF subscale (RFQc r = -0.45, p = 0.001; RFQu r = 0.57, p = 0.001; RFQc r = -0.56, p<0.01; RFQu r = 0.50, p<0.01) in previous validation studies [ 4 , 35 , 37 ]. Internal consistency in our non-clinical sample (TASt α = 0.87, DIF α = 0.87, DDF α = 0.85) and clinical sample (TASt α = 0.89, DIF α = 0.93, DDF α = 0.75) was good.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Each item is scored on a 5-point scale anchored by 0 (A = “does not describe me well”) and 4 (D = “describes me very well”). A weak correlation (r = -0.18, p<0.05; r = -0.26, p<0.01) has been reported between PT and RFQu [ 27 , 37 ]. Internal consistency of the scale in the present study in non-clinical sample (α = 0.82) and clinical sample(α = 0.92) was good.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak correlations between MAAS and RFQu scale (r = -0.33, p<0.01; r = -0.24, p<0.01), and weak or no correlation with RFQc scale (r = 0.34, p<0.01; r = 0.08, p: n.s.) have been reported [ 27 , 37 ]. Internal consistency in the present non-clinical sample (α = 0.90) and clinical sample (α = 0.92) was excellent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Spanish version of the reflective functioning questionnaire: Validity data in the general population and individuals with personality disorders

et al. 2023

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Introduction Mentalization or reflective functioning (RF) is the capacity to interpret oneself or the others in terms of internal mental states. Its failures have been linked to several mental disorders and interventions improving RF have a therapeutic effect. Mentalizing capacity of the parents influences the children’s attachment. The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) is a widely used tool for the assessment of RF. No instrument is available to assess general RF in Spanish-speaking samples. The aim of this study is to develop a Spanish version of the RFQ-8 and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the general population and in individuals with personality disorders. Methods 602 non-clinical and 41 personality disordered participants completed a Spanish translation of the RFQ and a battery of self-reported questionnaires assessing several RF related constructs (alexithymia, perspective taking, identity diffusion and mindfulness), psychopathology (general and specific) and interpersonal problems. Temporal stability was tested in a non-clinical sub-sample of 113 participants. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a one-factor structure in the Spanish version of the RFQ-8. RFQ-8 understood as a single scale was tested, with low scorings reflecting genuine mentalizing, and high scorings uncertainty. The questionnaire showed good internal consistence in both samples and moderate temporal stability in non-clinical sample. RFQ correlated significantly with identity diffusion, alexithymia, and general psychopathology in both samples; and with mindfulness, perspective taking, and interpersonal problems in clinical sample. Mean values of the scale were significantly higher in the clinical group. Discussion This study provides evidence that the Spanish version of the RFQ-8, understood as a single scale, has an adequate reliability and validity assessing failures in reflective functioning (i.e., hypomentalization) in general population and personality disorders.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Spanish version of the reflective functioning questionnaire: Validity data in the general population and individuals with personality disorders

et al. 2023

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“…Overall, 6-6 variables form the two subscales and responses on four items of the RFQ-8 are simultaneously considered on both subscales. By using this scoring procedure, various previous studies confirmed the two-factor structure of the RFQ-8 in clinical and non-clinical samples [1,[18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire–Revised– 7 (RFQ-R-7): A new measurement model assessing hypomentalization

et al. 2023

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Although it is a widely used questionnaire, limitations regarding the scoring procedure and the structural validity of the eight-item Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) were raised. The present study aimed to examine further the latent dimensionality of the RFQ-8 and to examine linear and non-linear associations between mentalization difficulties and maladaptive psychological characteristics. Data from two separate representative samples of young adults (N = 3890; females: 51.68%; mean age: 27.06 years [SD = 4.76]) and adults (N = 1385; females: 53.20%; mean age: 41.77 years [SD = 13.08]) were used. In addition to the RFQ-8, standardized questionnaires measured the levels of impulsivity, sensation seeking, rumination, worry and well-being. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the model fit of competing measurement models. CFA revealed that a revised, seven-item version of the RFQ (RFQ-R-7) with a unidimensional structure showed the most optimal levels of model fit in both samples. Impulsivity, sensation seeking, rumination and worry consistently presented significant, positive, linear associations with general mentalization difficulties in both samples. Significant quadratic associations were also identified, but these relationships closely followed the linear associations between the variables and increased only marginally the explained variance. The supported unidimensional measurement model and the associations between the general mentalization difficulties factor and maladaptive psychological characteristics indicated that the RFQ-R-7 captures a dimension of hypomentalization ranging between low and high levels of uncertainty. Increasing levels of hypomentalization can indicate a risk for less adaptive psychological functioning. Further revisions of the RFQ-8 might be warranted in the future to ensure adequate measurement for hypermentalization.

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Mentalization Scale (MentS): Validity and reliability of the Iranian version in a sample of nonclinical adults

Asgarizadeh,

Vahidi,

Seyed Mousavi

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionMentalizing incapacity is increasingly identified as a common factor in psychopathology. The Mentalization Scale (MentS) is a cost‐effective measure built upon the dimensional model of mentalizing. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of MentS.MethodsTwo samples of community‐based adults (N1 = 450, N2 = 445) completed different batteries of self‐report measures. In addition to MentS, participants completed measures of reflective functioning and attachment insecurities in the first sample and a measure of emotion dysregulation in the second sample.ResultsDue to the conflicting results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, an item‐parceling approach was applied, which replicated the original three‐factor structure of MentS, yielding Self‐Related Mentalization, Other‐Related Mentalization, and Motivation to Mentalize. The reliability and convergent validity of MentS were supported in both samples.ConclusionOur findings provided preliminary evidence for using the Iranian version of MentS in nonclinical populations as a reliable and valid measure.

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Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ): Psychometric Properties of the Persian Translation and Exploration of Its Mediating Role in the Relationship between Attachment to Parents and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

The Spanish version of the reflective functioning questionnaire: Validity data in the general population and individuals with personality disorders

The Spanish version of the reflective functioning questionnaire: Validity data in the general population and individuals with personality disorders

The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire–Revised– 7 (RFQ-R-7): A new measurement model assessing hypomentalization

Mentalization Scale (MentS): Validity and reliability of the Iranian version in a sample of nonclinical adults

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