Reforestation amidst deforestation: Simultaneity and succession

Sloan, Sean

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.04.009

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Driven by industrialization, agricultural intensification, and rural-to-urban migration, forest cover increased through both spontaneous forest succession on abandoned agricultural lands and tree plantations (Mather 1992, Meyfroidt and Lambin 2011. More recently, forests have begun to return in many tropical countries, suggesting incipient tropical forest transitions (Rudel et al 2002, Sloan 2008, Vaca et al 2012, Aide et al 2013, Sloan and Sayer 2015. These new forests are often ecologically distinct from those originally cleared (Dent and Wright 2009, Meyfroidt and Lambin 2011, Redo et al 2012, and the ecological consequences of these tropical transitions are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest ecosystem-service transitions: the ecological dimensions of the forest transition

Wilson¹,

Schelhas²,

Grau³

et al. 2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. New forests are expanding around the world. In many regions, regrowth rates are surpassing deforestation rates, resulting in "forest transitions," or net gains in forest cover. Typically measured only in terms of aggregate"'forest cover" change, these new forests are ecologically distinct from each other and from those originally cleared. We ask, what are the ecological attributes, goods, and services we might expect from different pathways of forest recovery? To address this question, we proposed a typology of forest transitions that reflects both their social drivers and ecological outcomes: tree plantation, spontaneous regeneration, and agroforestry transitions. Using case studies, we illustrate how the ecological outcomes of each transition type differ and change over time. We mapped the global distribution of forest-transition types to identify global epicenters of each, and found that spontaneous transitions are most common globally, especially in Latin America; agroforestry transitions predominate in Europe and Central America; and plantation transitions occur in parts of Europe and Asia. We proposed a conceptual framework to understand and compare the ecological services arising from different types of forest transitions over time: forest ecosystem-service transition curves. This framework illustrates that carbon sequestration tends to be comparatively lower in agroforestry transitions, and biodiversity recovery is lower in industrial plantations. Spontaneously regenerating forests tend to have relatively high biodiversity and biomass but provide fewer provisioning and economically valuable services. This framework captures the dynamism that we observe in forest transitions, thus illustrating that different social drivers produce different types of ecosystem-service transitions, and that as secondary forests grow, these services will change over time at rates that differ among transition types. Ultimately, this framework can guide future research, describe actual and potential changes in ecosystem services associated with different types of transitions, and promote management plans that incorporate forest cover changes with the services and benefits they provide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest ecosystem-service transitions: the ecological dimensions of the forest transition

Wilson¹,

Schelhas²,

Grau³

et al. 2017

E&S

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“…For the 1990 and 2000 maps, similar accuracy assessments indicate a "very low margin of error" [63] but no quantitative measure was published. However, the 2000 ANAM map compares very well with Sloan's [67] year-2000 map of the Bayano-Darién Region, having 90% accuracy. The plantation class of Sloan's [67] map, which was delimited manually using 1:5000 air photos of 2000 reaching as far east as Santa Fé (Figure 1), is combined with the ANAM plantation class of 2000 in order to capture smaller plantations.…”

Section: Community Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In 2008 alone, commercial entities accounted for 84% of the national area reforested, with the balance attributable to communities, NGOs, and various ecological projects [76] (Table 4). Reforestation concentrated particularly in the Bayano-Darién Region [67]. By 2012 reforestation reclaimed 29,381 ha in the region according to the ANAM forest map, with the vast majority in teak.…”

Section: Interactions Underlying Active Reforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plantation interests have bought out ranchers and consolidated their lands in the same manner in which ranchers succeeded smallholders previously [67]. Yet at least two points distinguish the Bayano-Darién from similar "neoliberal frontiers" where well-financed cattle and export-agriculture interests displace landholders further into the frontier (e.g., [36,77,78]).…”

Section: Interactions Underlying Active Reforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropical Forest Gain and Interactions amongst Agents of Forest Change

Sloan

2016

Forests

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Abstract:The tropical deforestation literature advocates multi-agent enquiry in recognition that key dynamics arise from inter-agent interactions. Studies of tropical forest-cover gain have lagged in this respect. This article explores the roles and key aspects of interactions shaping natural forest regeneration and active reforestation in Eastern Panama since 1990. It employs household surveys of agricultural landholders, interviews with community forest-restoration organisations, archival analysis of plantation reforestation interests, satellite image analysis of forest-cover change, and the consideration of State reforestation policies. Forest-cover gain reflected a convergence of interests and land-use trends amongst agents. Low social and economic costs of sustained interaction and organisation enabled extensive forest-cover gain, but low transaction costs did not. Corporate plantation reforestation rose to the fore of regional forest-cover gain via opportunistic land sales by ranchers and economic subsidies indicative of a State preference for autonomous, self-organising forest-cover gain. This reforestation follows a recent history of neoliberal frontier development in which State-backed loggers and ranchers similarly displaced agriculturalists. Community institutions, long neglected by the State, struggled to coordinate landholders and so effected far less forest-cover gain. National and international commitments to tropical forest restoration risk being similarly characterised as ineffective by a predominance of industrial plantation reforestation without greater State support for community forest management.

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“…Afforestation refers to forest cover expanding through the planting of trees on lands where the preceding vegetation was not forest and reforestation to forests spontaneously regenerating on previously forested lands [7]. Throughout this paper, the term reforestation refers to the expansion of forest cover in general, though with particular reference to natural forest succession [13]. The need for clarification responds to Malmer et al's [14] warning on the confused broad use of the terms forest and afforestation, as well as on the use of data generated mostly outside the tropics and for nondegraded soil conditions in the climate change community and their application by land and water managers, who are increasingly emerging in numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Interactions for Reforestation: Constraints to Dryland Agroforest in Brazil

Pagano

Cabello

2011

ISRN Ecology

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Reforestation provides restoration of forest ecosystem services including improved soil fertility, which leads to increased productivity and/or sustainability of the system. Trees also increase the average carbon stocks providing wood supply for local communities; however, C sequestration strategies highlight tree plantations without considering their full environmental consequences, such as losses in stream flow. The productivity of a site is a consequence of their physical, chemical, and biological properties, resulting in natural fertile soils or adequate managed soils for improved quality. Thus, it is required to know the variations in the properties of land-use systems for adoptability of agroforestry innovations. The choice of agroforestry tree species (highly mycorrhizal dependent plants should be selected) would have great implications for the manipulation of arbuscular mycorrhizas's species. In dry forest, the inevitable consequence of cutting has been the loss of vegetation cover and insufficient scientific information on the capacity to optimize forest recuperation affects agroforestry adoption. To study the biological properties of soils is now of interest; therefore, this paper reviews the literature that has hitherto been published on mycorrhizal interactions for reforestation and points out the use of mycorrhizal technology as one of the alternatives to improve forest products and environmental quality.

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Reforestation amidst deforestation: Simultaneity and succession

Cited by 72 publications

References 87 publications

Forest ecosystem-service transitions: the ecological dimensions of the forest transition

Forest ecosystem-service transitions: the ecological dimensions of the forest transition

Tropical Forest Gain and Interactions amongst Agents of Forest Change

Mycorrhizal Interactions for Reforestation: Constraints to Dryland Agroforest in Brazil

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