Refractive index and temperature sensing characteristics of an optical fiber sensor based on a tapered single mode fiber/polarization maintaining fiber

Yang, Zaihang; Sun, Hao; Gang, Tingting; Liu, Nan; Li, Jiacheng; Meng, Fei; Qiao, Xueguang; Hu, Manli

doi:10.3788/col201614.050604

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The achieved S is much higher than the S of all kinds of RI sensors using FCFs [26,[32][33][34][35][36]. Moreover, it is also superior to most of the RI sensors using other kinds of special fibers [14,37,38]. This asymmetric supermode interference based on the vertex-core excitation scheme was found to be helpful in improving the S and exploring the underlying physics for developing TFCF interferometric sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In contrast, in this work, the fiber RI sensing using TFCF via the vertex-core excitation scheme, shown in Figure 1a, was demonstrated. Though many different kinds of fiber sensors using MCF or special fibers have been reported [14,26,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38], the excited modes are generally axially concentric and the sensitivity is therefore limited. On the contrary, the asymmetric modes are distributed very differently from the symmetric modes due to their wider field distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Sensitivity Fiber Refractive Index Sensors Based on Asymmetric Supermodes Interference in Tapered Four Core Fiber

et al. 2022

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We demonstrate high sensitivity fiber refractive index (RI) sensor based on asymmetric supermode interferences in tapered four core fiber (TFCF). To make TFCF-based RI sensors, the whitelight was launched into any one of the cores to define the excitation orientation and is called a vertex-core excitation scheme. When the four-core fiber (FCF) was gradually tapered, the four cores gathered closer and closer. Originally, the power coupling occurred between its two neighboring cores first and these three cores are grouped to produce supermodes. Subsequently, the fourth diagonal core enters the evanescent field overlapping region to excite asymmetric supermodes interferences. The output spectral responses of the two cores next to the excitation core are mutually in phase whereas the spectral responses of the diagonal core are in phase and out of phase to that of the excitation core at the shorter and longer wavelengths, respectively. Due to the lowest limitation of the available refractive index of liquids, the best sensitivity can be achieved when the tapered diameter is 10 μm and the best RI sensitivity S is 3249 nm/RIU over the indices ranging from 1.41–1.42. This is several times higher than that at other RI ranges due to the asymmetric supermodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Fiber Refractive Index Sensors Based on Asymmetric Supermodes Interference in Tapered Four Core Fiber

et al. 2022

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In-fiber interferometry sensors for refractive index

Aydin

Barnes

Loock

2023

Applied Physics Reviews

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Compact interferometers based on waveguiding structures have found countless applications in refractive index measurements, chemical sensing, as well as temperature and pressure measurements. The most common fiber devices are based on Mach–Zehnder interferometry and Michelson interferometry—two design concepts that can readily be implemented using simple fiber optic components, such as mode splitters and combiners, fiber optic gratings, and fiber tapers, among others. Fiber interferometry can also be conducted based on the Sagnac effect and the Young (double-slit) interferometer. In this review, we examine and compare over 400 fiber optic interferometers as well as more than 60 fiber optic refractive sensors based on fiber optic cavities. Even though many of the devices show temperature-, strain-, and pressure-sensitivity, we focus our review on refractive index measurements, as these are the most common applications. Many devices were characterized by their inventors using their sensitivity to refractive index changes. While the sensitivity is an important characteristic of the device, it does not easily relate to the smallest resolvable refractive index change or the limit of detection when applied to chemical measurements. Instead, we propose here that one should use the figure of merit, which is defined through the refractive index sensitivity and the width of an interferometer fringe. Using simple assumptions, we were able to mathematically relate the sensitivity and the figure of merit to common design parameters, such as the length of the interferometer arms, the operating wavelength, refractive indices of the fiber and the sample, as well as an overlap parameter, which describes the fraction of the guided wave in the sensing arm that interacts with the sample. We determined this overlap parameter for each reviewed device from the reported interferograms. Our meta-analysis provides for the first time simple and easily applicable guidance to increase the figure of merit of fiber optic interferometers and fiber optic cavities with regard to their ability to detect small refractive index changes. A high figure of merit allows measuring very small refractive index changes such as those of gases at different pressures or of very dilute solutions.

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Organic dye concentration monitoring through an optical microfiber enabled by multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Sun

Hao

et al. 2021

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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A tapered microfiber sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for detecting the concentration of alizarin red S dye is proposed and verified by experiments. MWCNTs fixed on the surface of optical fiber can adsorb the alizarin red S dye molecule due to its porous structure. The surface refractive index (RI) change caused by MWCNTs coated with the fiber surface adsorbing of red dye can be captured by optical microfiber, which converted into macroscopic wavelength drift in the interference spectrum. The sensor has a high RI sensitivity of 1942.25 nm/RIU and a temperature sensitivity of − 0.03 n m / ∘ C , which has a low temperature cross-sensitivity. The sensor provides rapid detection of alizarin red S dye in the concentration range of 0–1000 mg/L, and the sensitivity is 0.412 nm/(mg/L) in the low concentration range of 0–25 mg/L. The sensor is expected to be a high-quality platform for safety considerations in environmental protection.

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Refractive index and temperature sensing characteristics of an optical fiber sensor based on a tapered single mode fiber/polarization maintaining fiber

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

High Sensitivity Fiber Refractive Index Sensors Based on Asymmetric Supermodes Interference in Tapered Four Core Fiber

High Sensitivity Fiber Refractive Index Sensors Based on Asymmetric Supermodes Interference in Tapered Four Core Fiber

In-fiber interferometry sensors for refractive index

Organic dye concentration monitoring through an optical microfiber enabled by multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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