Refractometry and Interferometry of Living Cells*†

Barer, R.

doi:10.1364/josa.47.000545

Cited by 268 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[30,31] The chloroplast stroma (the internal fluid of the chloroplast) has a refractive index of 1.42, [25,32] (stacks of photosynthetic membranes surrounded by the stroma) has higher pigment and protein contents, indicating that it likely has an even higher refractive index (n > 1.5). [28,29] These data suggest that chloroplasts likely also cause optical disturbances in imaging of live plant cells. Here, to apply AO to the observation of plant cells, we analyzed the optical properties of plant cells, using the leaves of the model moss Physcomitrella patens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[19,23,24] These lens effects appear to be caused by the plant cell wall; the cell wall has a refractive index of 1.41 À 1.52 in flowering plants, [20,[25][26][27] a value higher than the refractive indices of medium (n ¼ 1.33) and cytosol (n ¼ 1.35 À 1.39, estimated from that in animal cells). [28,29] These results indicate that the cell wall is expected to cause degradation in the images of living plant cells. In addition, chloroplasts refract and scatter light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Optical Property Analyses of Plant Cells for Adaptive Optics Microscopy

Tamada

Murata

Hattori

et al. 2014

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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In astronomy, adaptive optics (AO) can be used to cancel aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence and to perform diffraction-limited observation of astronomical objects from the ground. AO can also be applied to microscopy, to cancel aberrations caused by cellular structures and to perform high-resolution live imaging. As a step toward the application of AO to microscopy, here we analyzed the optical properties of plant cells. We used leaves of the moss Physcomitrella patens, which have a single layer of cells and are thus suitable for optical analysis. Observation of the cells with bright field and phase contrast microscopy, and image degradation analysis using fluorescent beads demonstrated that chloroplasts provide the main source of optical degradations. Unexpectedly, the cell wall, which was thought to be a major obstacle, has only a minor effect. Such information provides the basis for the application of AO to microscopy for the observation of plant cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Optical Property Analyses of Plant Cells for Adaptive Optics Microscopy

Tamada

Murata

Hattori

et al. 2014

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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“…(Barer, 1957;Byrne et al, 2008;Dunn, 1998;Marquet et al, 2015;Tychinsky & Tikhonov, 2010;Vishnyakov & Levin, 1998)). Interference microscopy and some noninterferometric methods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Phase Images for Estimation of Peritoneal Macrophages State

Yusipovich¹,

Baizhumanov²,

Казакова³

et al. 2015

IJB

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Procedure based on phase images obtained by the method of Laser Interference Microscopy (LIM) for detection of number non-activated, activated and dead isolated peritoneal macrophages in a sample in vitro was provided. The phase images provide quantitative estimates of the optical path difference (OPD) in each point of object. The OPD varies with cell thickness and concentration of cellular substances. Therefore, it provides useful information on cell structure, localization of subcellular structures, local concentrations of substances and dry mass of cell. In these work we propose a new assay for estimation a number of non-activated, activated and dead isolated peritoneal macrophages in a sample in vitro based on cell phase images. The results were compared with phagocytic index, which was evaluated using latex beads, and the percentage of cells with damaged membranes (dead cells). It was shown that with increasing time after the isolation, the percentage of dead macrophages estimated by LIM was similar to that of the cells with damaged membranes. However, the percentage of activated cells calculated using latex beads exceeded the percentage calculated using the phase images significantly.

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“…Hemoglobin is the main nonaqueus material in erythrocytes which causes a phase shift. The resulting phase signal can be directly related to the mean corpuscular hemoglobin [20]. Rappaz et al, showed that DHM could in fact be used to calculate the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%