Refractory methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage associated with contamination of the home environment

Masterton, R.G.; Coia, John; Notman, A.W.; Kempton-Smith, L.; Cookson, Barry

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(95)90284-8

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Indeed, a number of recent studies have reported increased incidence of critical pathogens such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus into the home environment (5,161,177), often associated with household pets like dogs (47) and cats (305), and their transfer to humans (121). Such work highlights the need for targeted hygiene within the home (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003

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There has recently been much controversy surrounding the increased use of antibacterial substances in a wide range of consumer products and the possibility that, as with antibiotics, indiscriminate use of biocides might contribute to the overall pattern of susceptibility in the general environment and in the clinic. Such speculation, based on the isolation of resistant mutants from in vitro monoculture experiments, is not reflected by an emergence of biocide-resistant strains in vivo. This review provides a broad coverage of the biocide and resistance literature and evaluates the potential risks, perceived from such laboratory monoculture experiments, against evidence gathered over 50 years of field studies. An explanation for the continued effectiveness of broad-spectrum biocidal agents against the decline in efficacy of therapeutic agents is provided based on the fitness costs of resistance and the ubiquity of naturally occurring substances that possess antibacterial effect. While we conclude from this review of the literature that the incorporation of antibacterial agents into a widening sphere of personal products has had little or no impact on the patterns of microbial susceptibility observed in the environment, the associated risks remain finite. The use of such products should therefore be associated with a clear demonstration of added value either to consumer health or to the product life. Hygienic products should therefore be targeted to applications for which the risks have been established

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003

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“…Other studies have observed colonization of other family members [24,25] and even pets [26]. The factors which affect colonization are still poorly understood [27,28], although the role of lipoteichoic acid [29,30] and surface-associated proteins in the staphylococcal cell wall [31,32], as well as those binding to nasal mucin [33] have been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community in Hong Kong

O'Donoghue

Boost

2004

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYAlthough reports of isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from patients admitted from the community have increased, few studies have investigated colonization of healthy subjects. This study aimed to determine community levels of MRSA in Hong Kong. Nasal swabs from a cross section of young adults and family units were cultured for MRSA. Antibiotic sensitivities and risk factors for carriage were determined and clonal relationships were investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Overall carriage was low (1 . 4%), and associated with health-care exposures (OR 13 . 56, 95 % CI 1 . 11-165 . 21). Subjects working in health care yielded multi-resistant MRSA strains, but isolates from non-hospital-exposed subjects were methicillin-resistant only. Strains indistinguishable by PFGE were carried by subjects working together, and some spread to other contacts was observed. MRSA colonization in the community is rare in Hong Kong and is largely associated with working in health care. Community-acquired staphylococcal infections may be treated with agents effective against methicillin-sensitive strains.

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“…Chronic dermatitis [11,27,30,43,44,66,102,114,120,127,131,[133][134][135][136][137][138][139] Paronychial infection [11,136,138,140], post-operative wound [140], vaginal [140,142] Sinus [32,45,143,144], sputum [38,141,145], ulcers [141], otitis externa [11,27,138] Skin ulcers/wounds/abscesses [11,136,141,144], rectal [27,31], perianal/perineal [27,102,146] Throat/tonsils [66,132,147], hair [148], conjunctival [138]…”

Section: Seek and Ye Shall Findmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of healthcare personnel in the maintenance and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cimolai

2008

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Healthcare workers may acquire methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from patients, both hospital and home environments, other healthcare workers, family and public acquaintances, and pets. There is a consensus of case reports and series which now strongly support the role for MRSA-carrying healthcare personnel to serve as a reservoir and as a vehicle of spread within healthcare settings. Carriage may occur at a number of body sites and for short, intermediate, and long terms. A number of approaches have been taken to interrupt the linkage of staff-patient spread, but most emphasis has been placed on handwashing and the treatment of staff MRSA carriers. The importance of healthcare workers in transmission has been viewed with varying degrees of interest, and several logistical problems have arisen when healthcare worker screening is brought to the forefront. There is now considerable support for the screening and treatment of healthcare workers, but it is suggested that the intensity of any such approach must consider available resources, the nature of the outbreak, and the strength of epidemiological associations. The task of assessing healthcare personnel carriage in any context should be shaped with due regard to national and international guidelines, should be honed and practiced according to local needs and experience, and must be patient-oriented.

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Refractory methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage associated with contamination of the home environment

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

The prevalence and source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community in Hong Kong

The role of healthcare personnel in the maintenance and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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