Refuse Derived Fuel Potential Production from Temple Waste as Energy Alternative Resource in Bali Island

Abstract

The leakage of temple waste in the environment surrounding the temples has made the image of temples not only a cultural icon but also a contributor to landfill waste on the island. About 292.36 kg of temple waste is generated from a single ceremonial at Griya Anyar Tanah Kilap Temple. The temple waste consists of 90,16% of organic waste (food, leaf and discarded flower) that is easily biodegraded. This research aimed to examine the temple waste to be recycled into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Leaf and flower waste are used as RDF material using two different drying methods, namely natural drying and pyrolysis. The results showed that the pyrolysis RDF has a similar caloric value to the natural drying RDF with 3311.7 kcal/kg and 2912.7 kcal/kg, respectively. According to the electrical power potential, pyrolysis RDF has 3856.19 kWh/tons, meanwhile natural drying RDF has 3391.59 kWh/tons. The pyrolysis RDF has less organic content and quite higher ash content than the natural drying RDF, making it better quality and appropriate to be applied in the community for a long-term sustainable temple waste recycling.

Study on Temple Waste Management and its Potential for Reducing Carbon Emission

“…This can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create valuable resources. Several studies have highlighted that organic waste holds the potential to be utilised as an alternative fuel source (Wijaya et al, 2023), biogas (Butar-Butar et al, 2020), compost fertiliser (Butar-Butar et al, 2020) (Policastro & Cesaro, 2023), and aggregate mix for concrete materials. Plastic waste can be used as a source of energy and recycled products that hold economic potential (Ridwan et al, 2022;Wamba et al, 2023).…”

“…Organic waste has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel source, compost fertiliser, and as an ingredient in building materials like bricks or roof tiles. Wijaya et al (2023) state that organic waste from temples can serve as a viable substitute for electricity. Plastic garbage can be repurposed for creating handicrafts and recyclable goods, offering significant economic opportunities.…”

“…Food waste can be repurposed as organic fertiliser (Butar-Butar et al, 2020) and used as animal feed (Nath et al, 2023). Organic waste can be transformed into RDF briquettes (Wijaya et al, 2023) and biogas (Butar-Butar et al, 2020). This suggests that implementing waste management practices in temples has the capacity to decrease carbon emissions and alleviate the strain on landfill sites.…”