Regime where zero-bias is the low-power solution for digitally modulated laser diodes

Chen, L.P.; Lau, Kam Y.

doi:10.1109/68.484235

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, it is relevant for IM/DD systems for compatibility with classical methods and results [42], [43]. In addition, it helps in quantifying the impact of relative intensity noise (RIN) in fiberoptical links [35], and in assessing the power consumption of optical systems [34]. In [30],P e was used as a performance measure for comparing different intensity modulation formats.…”

Section: A Performance Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose a set of 4-, 8-, and 16-level single-subcarrier modulation formats which are optimized for average electrical, average optical, and peak power. These optimization criteria are all relevant, because the average electrical power is the standard power measure in digital and wireless communications [33, p. 40] and it helps in assessing the power consumption in optical communications [34], while the average optical power is an important figure of merit for skin-and eye-safety measures in wireless optical links [1,Ch. 5], [2], [7] and helps in quantifying the impact of shot noise in fiber-optical communications [35, p. 20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Constellations for Single-Subcarrier Intensity-Modulated Optical Systems

Karout

Agrell

Szczerba

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory

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We optimize modulation formats for the additive white Gaussian noise channel with nonnegative input, also known as the intensity-modulated direct-detection channel, with and without confining them to a lattice structure. Our optimization criteria are the average electrical, average optical, and peak power. The nonnegative constraint on the input to the channel is translated into a conical constraint in signal space, and modulation formats are designed by sphere packing inside this cone. Some dense packings are found, which yield more power-efficient modulation formats than previously known. For example, at a spectral efficiency of 1.5 bit/s/Hz, the modulation format optimized for average electrical power has a 2.55 dB average electrical power gain over the best known format to achieve a symbol error rate of 10 −6 . The corresponding gains for formats optimized for average and peak optical power are 1.35 and 1.72 dB, respectively. Using modulation formats optimized for peak power in average-power limited systems results in a smaller power penalty than when using formats optimized for average power in peak-power limited systems. We also evaluate the modulation formats in terms of their mutual information to predict their performance in the presence of capacity-achieving errorcorrecting codes, and finally show numerically and analytically that the optimal modulation formats for reliable transmission in the wideband regime have only one nonzero point.

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Section: A Performance Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Optimizing Constellations for Single-Subcarrier Intensity-Modulated Optical Systems

Karout

Agrell

Szczerba

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory

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“…2 (b). This zero-bias on/off switching operation simplifies the driving circuits and leads to the minimum power consumption [24][25]. At the optical receiver side, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is adopted for the highspeed module due to its high bandwidth and high sensitivity.…”

Section: Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual-rate optical transceiver for power-on-demand operation

et al. 2005

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This work describes a dual-rate optical transceiver designed for power-efficient connections within and between modern high-speed digital systems. The transceiver can dynamically adjust its data rate according to the performance requirements, allowing for power-on-demand operation. To implement dual rate functionality, the transmitter and receiver circuits include separate high-speed and low-power datapath modules. The high-speed module is designed for gigabit operation and optimized to achieve the maximum bandwidth. A simpler low-power module is designed for megabit data transmission and optimized for low power consumption. The transceiver was fabricated with a 0.5µm Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) CMOS technology. The vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodetector devices were attached to the transceiver IC using flip-chip bonding. A free-space optical link system was set up to demonstrate power-on-demand capability. Experimental results show reliable link operations at 2Gb/s and 100Mb/s data transfer rates with about 104mW and 9mW power consumption, respectively. The transceiver's switching time between these two data rates was demonstrated at 10µs which was limited by on-chip register reconfiguration time. Improvement of this switching time can be obtained by using dedicated IO pads for dual-rate control signals. At the circuit level, the incorporation of dual rate functionality into a typical gigabit optical transceiver would require 255 additional MOS transistors.

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“…Next, a cost function f : M → R which gauges the quality of each constellation C needs to be adopted. The choice f (C) = E{||s i || 2 } for the cost function f (C), where E{·} is the expected value, leads to a constellation optimized for the average electrical powerP e , whereas the choice f (C) = E{s i,1 }, where s i,j denotes the j-th entry of s i , results in a constellation optimized for the average optical powerP o [7], [9]. Finally,…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of good constellations for single-subcarrier intensity-modulated optical systems

Beko

Dinis

Raspopović

et al. 2014

2014 International Conference on Telecommunications and Multimedia (TEMU)

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We address the problem of constellation design for single-subcarrier intensity-modulated directdetected optical systems. We seek to design constellations that minimize the average electrical power, average optical power and peak optical power for a given minimum Euclidean distance between constellation points. The constellation design is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem with a convex cost function, nonconvex quadratic constraints and second-order cone constraints. It is shown that this problem can be approximated by a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. We propose an iterative procedure in which the SOCP approximation is refined in each iteration. The new constellations are compared to the state-of-the-art constellations in terms of power efficiency. Our 32-and 64-point constellations outperform the corresponding QAM-based and face-centered cubic lattice constellations 1 .

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Regime where zero-bias is the low-power solution for digitally modulated laser diodes

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Optimizing Constellations for Single-Subcarrier Intensity-Modulated Optical Systems

Optimizing Constellations for Single-Subcarrier Intensity-Modulated Optical Systems

A dual-rate optical transceiver for power-on-demand operation

Design of good constellations for single-subcarrier intensity-modulated optical systems

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