Regional adaptations in three rat tendons

Covizi, Daniela Z.; Felisbino, Sérgio Luís; Gomes, Luiz Fernando; Pimentel, Edson Rosa; Carvalho, Hernandes F.

doi:10.1054/tice.2001.0202

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies have revealed that MMP-mediated collagen degradation also takes place in this process (Riley et al, 2002;Koskinen et al 2004;Marqueti et al, 2006Marqueti et al, , 2008. However, the response to the physical training is more complex in some tissues due to their regional structural variation, as observed in the calcaneal tendon (Benjamin and Ralphs, 1998;Covizi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tendon's fibrocartilages possess distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition and organization. In contrast with typical tendon structures, tendon fibrocartilages present chondrocyte-like cells surrounded by a basophilic pericellular matrix with a higher content of hyaluronan and proteoglycans, such as aggrecan, and type II collagen fibrils and type VI microfibrils (Ralphs et al, 1991;Vogel et al, 1994;Carvalho and Vidal;Benjamin and Ralphs, 1998;Felisbino and Carvalho, 1999;Carvalho et al, 2000;Covizi et al, 2001;. This specialization guarantees to tendon, the capacity to support compressive forces without compromising muscle force transmission to the bone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proximal region of the calcaneal tendon, closer to the muscle, possesses the typical tendon structure to resist tensile forces exclusively. However, the distal region, closer to the calcaneus bone, presents two fibrocartilage structures: the first is a compressive fibrocartilage that progresses to calcification in older animals and the second is the enthesis fibrocartilage (Covizi et al, 2001;Esquisatto et al, 2007). This specialized and complex region of calcaneal tendon has led Benjamim et al (2004) to propose the concept of an ''enthesis organ.''…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcaneal Tendon Regions Exhibit Different MMP‐2 Activation After Vertical Jumping and Treadmill Running

Malheiro

Giacomini

Justulin

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -9 was found in calcaneal tendon after physical training. However, little attention has been given to the distinct biomechanical and tissue structure of the calcaneal tendon's proximal and distal regions. Herein, we evaluated the effect of two types of physical activities on tendon morphology and matrix metalloproteinase activities in the proximal and distal regions of rat calcaneal tendon, separately. Adult male Wistar rats from control, water-adapted, vertical-jumping, and treadmill-running groups were sacrificed after 1 or 4 days of physical exercise, 6 hr after the end of that day's exercise session. Tendons were processed for histology, morphometry, and gelatin zymography. Tendons from adapted and trained animals showed active secretory cells and increased thickness, cellularity, and blood vessel volume fraction of peritendinous sheath, but without inflammatory process. In the proximal region, both pro-and active MMP-2 were increased after vertical jumping, but only pro-MMP-2 was increased after treadmill running. In contrast, in the distal region, both exercise types increased the activity of pro-and active MMP-2, especially treadmill running, which increased the active MMP-2 by about 11-and eightfold, respectively, after 1 and 4 days of training. No activity of MMP-9 was observed in either tendon region in this study. In conclusion, distal and proximal regions of calcaneal tendon exhibit differential intensities of tissue remodeling after treadmill running or vertical jumping and MMP-2, in the absence of inflammation, plays a major role in this adaptive response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Calcaneal Tendon Regions Exhibit Different MMP‐2 Activation After Vertical Jumping and Treadmill Running

Malheiro

Giacomini

Justulin

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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“…Pooled samples from Wve individual tendon regions were dried and resuspended in the same extraction buVer in order to load 10 g of total protein on SDS-10% polyacrylamide gels prepared with 1 mg/mL gelatin. After electrophoresis, the gels were washed twice in 2.5% of Triton X-100 to remove SDS and incubated in substrate buVer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0; 5 mM of CaCl 2 and 0.02% NaN 3 ) at 37°C for 20 h. Covizi et al 2001) Gels were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue for 1.5 h and destained with acetic acid:metanol:water (1:4:5; v:v:v). Gelatinase activity was visualized as clear bands in the stained gel.…”

Section: Gelatin Zymographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix metallopeptidase 2 activity in tendon regions: effects of mechanical loading exercise associated to anabolic-androgenic steroids

et al. 2008

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Matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) are responsible for degradation of the extracellular matrix components and tissue remodeling. To achieve a better understanding of AAS effects in rat tendon, MMP-2 activity in the proximal and distal regions of the calcanear tendon (CT) and proximal, intermediate and distal region of superficial (SFT) and deep flexor tendons (DFT) after mechanical load exercise associated with AAS was investigated. Animals were grouped into four groups: sedentary animals (S); sedentary animals with ASS supplementation (S + A); trained animals (T) and trained animals with AAS supplementation (T + A). Analysis of MMP activity in tendon extracts was done by gelatin zymography. Both proximal and distal regions of the calcanear tendon showed the lowest MMP-2 concentration and the highest proportion in MMP-2 active form. The intermediate region of the SFT differed (P < 0.01) from the proximal and distal regions with higher % of active MMP-2 in the sedentary group. The proportion of active MMP-2 decreased in the proximal region of the CT. AAS treatment strongly decreased both MMP-2 concentration and active form in the three regions of the SFT and on the proximal region of the CT, but not on the DFT. The differences in the response to exercise and AAS treatment are a result of distinct metabolism and recruitment of these tendon regions in the exercise program employed in this study.

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“…This tendon is usually divided into three regions, due to its biochemical and structural characteristics: distal region (d), subject to tension and some compression load; intermediate region (i), subject to compression load since it is in direct contact with the calcaneus bone; and proximal region (p), subject only to tension load (Benjamin et al, 2008;James et al, 2008). These regions are biochemically distinct, varying in the quantity and disposition of the components of the extracellular matrix (Covizi et al, 2001;Feitosa et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Process Induced by Carrageenan in Adjacent Tissue Triggers the Acute Inflammation in Deep Digital Flexor Tendon of Rats

Vieira

Aro

Guerra

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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Tendinopathy is a pathology found mainly in the rotator cuff, patellar, Achilles and flexor tendons. Tendinopathy is a significant impediment to performance in athletes and in workers in the labor market. Some studies have indicated that inflammation in adjacent tissues may affect the rotator cuff and Achilles tendon. In this study alterations were verified in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the deep digital flexor tendon after two periods (12 and 24 hr) of induction inflammation in rat paw. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: those that received injection of 1% carrageenan; those that received 0.9% NaCl; and those that received no application. The tendon was divided into distal (d), proximal (p), and intermediate (i) regions. Biochemical analyses were performed and included non-collagenous proteins (NCP), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), hydroxyproline (HoPro) and metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue, hematoxylin-eosin, and Ponceau SS and observed under polarization microscopy. Remarkable results were detected that included the presence of MMP-9, degradation of NCP and GAG and the presence of cellular infiltrate closer to digits in d region. The different concentrations of HoPro, as well as alterations in the organization of the collagen fibers showed the collagenous matrix undergoing some alterations. The results indicated that the induced inflammation in rat paw exhibited characteristics similar to the typical acute inflammatory process observed in tendons.

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Regional adaptations in three rat tendons

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Calcaneal Tendon Regions Exhibit Different MMP‐2 Activation After Vertical Jumping and Treadmill Running

Calcaneal Tendon Regions Exhibit Different MMP‐2 Activation After Vertical Jumping and Treadmill Running

Matrix metallopeptidase 2 activity in tendon regions: effects of mechanical loading exercise associated to anabolic-androgenic steroids

Inflammatory Process Induced by Carrageenan in Adjacent Tissue Triggers the Acute Inflammation in Deep Digital Flexor Tendon of Rats

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