Novel symmetric fused pyrano [2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized in 75-92 % yield by a one-pot twocomponent reaction of arylglyoxals and 1,3-dialkyl-2-thiobarbituric acids in ethanol at room temperature. This is the first protocol to be reported for the synthesis of 5-aryloyl-1,3,7,9-tetraalkyl-2,8-dithioxo-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano [2,3-d:6,5-d 0 ]dipyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-diones and the significant features of the present protocol are simplicity, high yields, a simple isolation procedure, and high chemoselectivity.