Regression analysis for yield loss of oil palm due to Ganoderma disease

Assis, Katherine Marjorie Mendonça de; Chong, Khim Phin; Idris, Abu Seman; Hoong, H.W.; Ho, C. M.

doi:10.1109/icrem.2015.7357066

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In particular, gallic acid demonstrates a significant rise in oxidative properties that may support ligninolytic enzyme activity. Gallic acid displayed the strongest antifungal efficacy and a sizable impact on the suppression of G. boninense PER71 mycelia [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Cytostructure and Lignolytic Enzymes of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Phenolic Compounds

Siddiqui,

Ganapathy

2024

Microbiology Research

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Ganoderma boninense is a white-rot fungus that causes basal stem rot (BSR) disease in the oil palm. Potential natural inhibitors, such as gallic acid, thymol, propolis, and carvacrol, were assessed for their antagonistic effects against G. boninense. These naturally occurring phenolic compounds have also been utilised to inhibit hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes produced by the pathogen. Mycelial inhibition was dose-dependent in the presence of different concentrations of phenolic compounds, including, for example, in cellulase enzyme inhibition (GA mg/mL = 94%, THY 0.25 mg/mL = 90%, PRO 3.5 mg/mL = 92.5%, and CARV 0.15 mg/mL = 90.3%). A significant difference was observed revealing that gallic acid had the greatest inhibitory effect on the secretion of hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes, especially at 40 mM GA (cellulase = 0.337 U/mL, amylase = 0.3314 U/mL, xylanase = 0.211 U/mL, laccase = 0.4885 U/mL, lignin peroxidase = 0.218 U/mL, and manganese peroxidase = 0.386 U/mL). The growth and secretion of enzymes (inhibitory action) are inversely proportional to the concentration of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds have a greater potential as inhibitory agents and suppress the production of hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes. The selected phenolic compounds were evaluated for their ability to alter the morphology and integrity of G. boninense mycelia. The reduction in cell viability of G. boninense has been explained by research on morphological disruption, such as branching patterns, hyphal length, and rigidity of fungal cells, which eventually interrupt the secretion of enzymes. These studies highlight the efficacy of phenolic compounds in treating Ganoderma. In addition, these findings proved that naturally occurring phenolic compounds could be a substitute for chemical controls and other synthetic fungicides to eradicate the occurrence of BSR in oil palms, thus avoiding a situation that is difficult to overcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Cytostructure and Lignolytic Enzymes of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Phenolic Compounds

Siddiqui,

Ganapathy

2024

Microbiology Research

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“…Labour requirements were deficient, as only a single worker was required to operate the machine. The operational cost was quite reasonable, at RM 3.15 per palm (without fungicide) and RM 11.90 per palm (with fungicide), with a cost-effectiveness of RM 1.02 per palm over an expected five-year economic life span (Arif et al, 2011;Assis et al, 2016;Idris, 2007;Idris et al, 2004).…”

Section: Performance Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sources of infection may be old oil palm and coconut stems and roots, which should be eliminated. Several control measures, such as chemical control using Hexaconazole fungicide, soil mounding, sanitation, and stump treatment with dazomet fumigant, were proven effective in prolonging the productive life span of the palm Naher et al, 2015;Assis et al, 2016). As a short-term control measure, using fungicide as a curative treatment is essential for managing the disease in the fields (Arifurrahman & Idris, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Comparison of Trunk Injection Mechanisms for Ganoderma Control

Azaman,

Mohd Khalid,

Md Radzi

et al. 2023

Adv Agric Food Res J

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A severe disease known as Ganoderma Boninense, which attacks a group of wood-decaying fungi, causes Basal Stem Rot (BSR) in oil palm trees. One of the treatments introduced to control the spread is injecting a chemical into the palm's trunk. After receiving a hexaconazole treatment for a year, a study on 2008 Ganoderma-infected palm trees in an estate revealed that 95.6% of the infected palms were still standing. The injection process facilitates several devices that were used and invented. These machines utilise a pressure-injection technique that injects a chemical through a flexible hose into a healthy palm's tissue to prevent the disease from spreading. Hence, the development of effective trunk injector mechanisms for Ganoderma treatment is discussed in this article. The first injection method utilised the Pressure Injection Apparatus (PIA), which can deliver a chemical to the target sites to control BSR. Second, a Mechanical Trunk Injector mainly facilitated chemical injection into the palm trunk using a prime mover. Next, the Tractor Mounted Trunk Injector, comprised of an injection apparatus system, was found to perform effectively and efficiently. The distribution profile of the dye eosin in the stem revealed that it covered more than 80% of the cross-sectional and longitudinal axes of the palm tree's trunk. Instead of the previous injection apparatus control method, this machine could speed up the injection time. Compared to the 20-minute-per-hole completion time of the PIA, the machine only took 3 to 5 minutes to complete an injection, which was 65% faster, and about 100 to 120 palms could be covered in a day. Labour requirements were very minimal as it is a single-operated machine. Utilising the machine would also result in a reduction in the number of workers needed.

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“…A previous study on Ganoderma involved modeling the yield loss of oil palm due to the particular disease by using the backward elimination-based regression method [ 19 ]. The best model was developed through residual analysis, and the results revealed that the mean value and standard deviation of the standardized residuals were, respectively, zero and one.…”

Section: Disease Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Affecting Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot Disease Progress in Oil Palm

Jazuli

Kamu

Chong

et al. 2022

Plants

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In recent years, oil palm has grown on a major scale as it is a prominent commodity crop that contributes the most to almost every producing country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Nonetheless, existing threats such as the Ganoderma basal stem rot (BSR) disease have been deteriorating the oil palm plantations and suitable actions to overcome the issue are still being investigated. The BSR disease progression in oil palm is being studied using the disease progression through the plant disease triangle idea. This concept looks at all potential elements that could affect the transmission and development of the disease. The elements include pathogenic, with their mode of infection in each studied factor.

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Regression analysis for yield loss of oil palm due to Ganoderma disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Altered Cytostructure and Lignolytic Enzymes of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Phenolic Compounds

Altered Cytostructure and Lignolytic Enzymes of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Phenolic Compounds

Performance Comparison of Trunk Injection Mechanisms for Ganoderma Control

A Review of Factors Affecting Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot Disease Progress in Oil Palm

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