Regression of solid breast tumours in mice by Newcastle disease virus is associated with production of apoptosis related-cytokines

Abstract

Background Different strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) worldwide proved to have tumouricidal activity in several types of cancer cells. However, the possible anti-cancer activity of Malaysian NDV AF2240 strain and its mechanism of action remains unknown. The ability of cytokine-related apoptosis-inducing NDV AF2240 to treat breast cancer was investigated in the current study. Methods A total of 90 mice were used and divided into 15 groups, each group comprising of 6 mice. Tumour, body weight and mortality of the mice were determined throughout the experiment, to observe the effect of NDV and NDV + tamoxifen treatments on the mice. In addition, the toxic effect of the treatments was determined through liver function test. In order to elucidate the involvement of cytokine production induced by NDV, a total of six cytokines, i.e. IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-10, IL12p70 and TNF-α were measured using cytometric bead array assay (plasma) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (isolated splenocytes). Results The results demonstrated that 4 T1 breast cancer cells in allotransplanted mice treated with AF2240 showed a noticeable inhibition of tumour growth and induce apoptotic-related cytokines. Conclusions NDV AF2240 suppression of breast tumour growth is associated with induction of apoptotic-related cytokines. It would be important to further investigate the molecular mechanism underlaying cytokines production by Newcastle disease virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5516-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Molecular Cytogenomic Characterization of the Murine Breast Cancer Cell Lines C-127I, EMT6/P and TA3 Hauschka

“…Breast cancer (BC) is among the most common female specific cancer types and the second most common cancer in humans after lung cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. Survival rates of BC patients increased in the last years, especially in countries with early diagnostic regimens [ 3 ].…”

“…However, the need for new types of medication with less side effects and being best targeted is still high [ 3 ]. Therefore, animal, especially murine, models are regarded as a highly feasible way not only to study biological pathways involved in initiation, progression and metastasis of a tumor like BC but also to establish new targeted medication, like murine tumor cell lines [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Breaking Therapy Resistance: An Update on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Improvements of Cancer Therapy

“…Tumor selectivity of apoptosis was proposed to be due to a p38MAPK/NF-κB/IκBα pathway [68]. Regression of solid breast tumors in mice by this NDV strain was associated with production of apoptosis-related cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNFα) [69].…”

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Developing Successful Therapeutic and Secondary Prophylactic Breast Cancer Vaccines

“…Oncolytic viruses (OV) transform immunotherapy from a sterile immunity to a pathogen-associated-like immunity, as these viruses replicate preferentially in tumor cells and release TAAs and PAMPS [ 132 , 133 ]. In this emerging in situ vaccination strategy in breast cancer models, pox- [ 134 , 135 ], reo- [ 136 ], herpes simplex [ 137 , 138 , 139 ], adeno- [ 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ], Newcastle disease [ 144 , 145 ], Vesicular stomatitis [ 146 ], and measles [ 147 , 148 , 149 ] viruses have been employed to make breast tumors more immunogenic and more responsive to immunotherapies by priming the TME to signs of infection and releasing TAAs [ 150 ]. Moreover, these viruses can be engineered to express various TAAs to further prime an immunological response from TME.…”