Regular breakfast consumption is associated with increased IQ in kindergarten children

Liu, Jianghong; Hwang, Wei–Ting; Dickerman, Barbra A.; Compher, Charlene

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.01.006

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Although there was no association between the analyzed factors and non-adherence to the consumption of morning snacks, the low adherence is worrisome, since breakfast is an important meal, which when frequently eaten is related to better cognitive performance [17], in accordance with the recommendations of the PNAE [3]. A considerable proportion of the students justified their reason for not having this meal at school as they having had breakfast at home, but this practice was not investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Feeding in full-time public schools: Do students adhere and accept?

et al. 2017

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Article based on the master' s thesis on the NA CARVALHO, intitled "Fatores associados à não adesão e à não aceitação da alimentação escolar por alunos de escolas públicas de tempo integral". A B S T R A C T ObjectiveIdentifying adherence to, and acceptance of school feeding, and analyzing the factors associated with non-adherence/ non-acceptance in full-time public schools in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. MethodsCross-sectional study with students of both sexes aged 6-14 years. Issues regarding the consumption of meals, food distribution, food eaten outside the school and socioeconomic data, including nutritional assessment of students, were investigated. Adherence to meals was defined as the consumption of school meals four to five times/week, and acceptance was defined as meal approval, using the facial hedonic scale. ResultsA total of 359 students participated in this study and it was observed that adherence was high for lunch (95%) and afternoon snacks (78%), and low for morning snacks (44%). Acceptance did not reach the required minimum percentage of 85% for any of the meals. Factors associated with non-adherence were the presence of >4 people in a household, having meals in a refectory, the meal location being considered uncomfortable and a negative evaluation of utensils used in eating meals. Factors associated with non-acceptance were age >10 years, female sex, the negative evaluation of utensils used in eating meals and inadequate food temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Feeding in full-time public schools: Do students adhere and accept?

et al. 2017

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“…A cross-sectional study consisted of a sample of 1269 children (697 boys and 572 girls) aged 6 years from the Chinese city of Jintan. Findings showed that children who regularly have breakfast on a near-daily basis had significantly higher full scale, verbal, and performance IQ test scores (all pb 0.001) compared to children who "sometimes" have breakfast (Liu et al, 2013). Recently in Japan, elementary school children who had sleep hours gen erally longer than 9 hours showed clearly higher markings in Japanese language than those who had slept only less than 9 hours (Takeuchi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Breakfast and Academic Achievement In Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Reading a Picture Leaflet on Rhythm for Enhancement of Morning-Typed Life in Japanese Infants

Kawamata¹,

Kawasumi²,

Tsuji³

et al. 2017

PSYCH

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In this study, a teaching material as a picture leaflet for infant was made, and the educational effectiveness of the leaflet was examined on the infants who attend one of ten nursery schools or a Kindergarten affiliated to Faculty of Education, Kochi University. The title of the picture leaflet is "A picture book on diurnal rhythm! Let's take cow milk breakfast and become a morning-typed person!" (Seikatsu-rizumunoehon, gyunyudehayanehayaoki: in Japanese). An intervention study was performed using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire before the intervention was administered and parents of 820 infants (711 ones attending one of the 10 nursery schools and 109 ones attending the Kindergarten) answered the questionnaire instead. All parents were asked to read the picture leaflet to their children every day during three weeks intervention period of June, 2016. Ratio of infants who had the reading of the leaflet more than 1 time for the 3 weeks was 94.5% and the average days when the reading of it was performed was 10.8 days. More than half of parents (52.4%) performed the reading it more than 10 days. Eleven percent (18 parents) of parents performed the reading every day of 21 intervention-days. In the first week of intervention, about 60% (97 infants) of the parents performed the reading in more than 4 days. Infants who had the reading it from their parents everyday got up in earlier time significantly than those who did it not in every day (U-test, z = −4.33, p < 0.01). Infants who had the reading of it every day went to bed in earlier time than the other ones who did it not in every day (U-test, z = −7.731, p < 0.001), and they slept more hours than the other ones (U-test, z = −2.30, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the reading of a picture leaflet which recommends a morning-typed life seems to be effective for How to cite this paper: Kawamata, M., Kawasumi, R., Tsuji, F., Taniwaki, N., Kawada, T., Noji, T., Krejci, M., Nakade, M., Takeuchi 1622 Psychology infants to promote the morning-typed life and quality of life (QOL) even though the intervention period is short as three weeks.

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“…Measurements of HBC are normally unvalidated brief dietary assessments, such as questionnaires with one item to assess breakfast intake frequency (e.g., How often do you consume breakfast per week?) (28), which may yield an inadequate assessment of habitual intake. Often, participants are not given a clear definition of breakfast, meaning that breakfast was subjectively interpreted by the individual (26, 28).…”

Section: Breakfast and Cognitive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite in Children and Adolescents

Adolphus

Bellissimo

Lawton

et al. 2017

Advances in Nutrition

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Breakfast is purported to confer a number of benefits on diet quality, health, appetite regulation, and cognitive performance. However, new evidence has challenged the long-held belief that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of the key methodological challenges and considerations in studies assessing the effect of breakfast on cognitive performance and appetite control, along with recommendations for future research. This review focuses on the myriad challenges involved in studying children and adolescents specifically. Key methodological challenges and considerations include study design and location, sampling and sample section, choice of objective cognitive tests, choice of objective and subjective appetite measures, merits of providing a fixed breakfast compared with ad libitum, assessment and definition of habitual breakfast consumption, transparency of treatment condition, difficulty of isolating the direct effects of breakfast consumption, untangling acute and chronic effects, and influence of confounding variables. These methodological challenges have hampered a clear substantiation of the potential positive effects of breakfast on cognition and appetite control and contributed to the debate questioning the notion that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

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Regular breakfast consumption is associated with increased IQ in kindergarten children

Cited by 43 publications

References 63 publications

Feeding in full-time public schools: Do students adhere and accept?

Feeding in full-time public schools: Do students adhere and accept?

Effects of Reading a Picture Leaflet on Rhythm for Enhancement of Morning-Typed Life in Japanese Infants

Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite in Children and Adolescents

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