Regular review: Tumour markers in malignancies

Lindblom, Annika; Liljegren, Annelie

doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7232.424

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Using these methods, protein or DNA mutations specific to a particular malignant neoplasm may be shown circulating in the blood, for example. 140 Serological markers, including cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and melanoma-inhibitory activity, have also been investigated as potential sentinels of melanoma. Generally, all these potential markers are not yet considered useful for early detection of disease but may be valuable in terms of prognosis or for selecting patients for more aggressive therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Future Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much work is currently underway in human medicine to try and identify specific tumor markers, i.e., proteins that are associated with malignancy. 140 Applicable detection techniques encompass IHC, ISH, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase-PCR, as well as fluorescent IHC. Using these methods, protein or DNA mutations specific to a particular malignant neoplasm may be shown circulating in the blood, for example.…”

Section: Future Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

2002

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Abstract. Melanoma is a devastating disease frequently encountered within both veterinary and human medicine. Molecular changes linked with neoplastic transformation of melanocytes include mutations in genes that encode proteins intrinsic to the regulatory pathways of two tumor suppressor proteins (retinoblastoma protein and p53), proto-oncogene mutation to oncogenes, altered expression of epithelial cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecules, and upregulation of angiogenic factors and other growth factors. Histologic evaluation of the primary mass is the most common means of diagnosis, with cytology used more frequently to document metastasis. Melanoma's highly variable histologic and cytologic patterns can make diagnosis by either method problematic. Adherent epithelioid morphology, including signet ring forms, and nonadherent round and spindle forms are recognized, with pigmentation an inconsistent finding. The site of the tumor, the thickness of the primary tumor or depth of invasion, and the number of mitotic figures per high-power field or per millimeter are used histologically to predict biologic behavior, whereas site and degree of pleomorphism are typically used for cytologic preparations. Diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma can be aided by ancillary diagnostic techniques. Tumor cells are usually positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase, and Melan-A, and negative for cytokeratin. Melan-A as a positive marker is not as sensitive as the others are but is likely more specific. Monoclonal antibodies to human melanosome-specific antigens 1 and 5 cross-react with canine antigens for a combined sensitivity rate of 83%. Mouse monoclonal antibody IBF9 specifically recognizes canine melanoma antigen and also has good sensitivity. Serologic markers, including cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and melanoma-inhibitory activity, are being investigated as potential sentinels of melanoma. Currently, there is no single diagnostic technique capable of differentiating benign from malignant melanocytic neoplasms or predicting survival time.

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Section: Future Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

2002

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“…In breast cancer the role of serum markers is less well established [1][2][3]. The elevation of serum markers in breast cancer may be helpful in early diagnosis, determining prognosis, predicting response or resistance to specific therapies, surveillance after primary surgery, and monitoring therapy in patients with advanced disease [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of preoperative elevated serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in patients with breast cancer in predicting its histological type.

Agrawal

Jeleń²,

Rudnicki³

et al. 2010

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Material and methodsTumour samples. A total of 428 patients were treated at The Department of Surgery of Wroclaw Medical University from 2005 to 2008 due to the diagnosis of breast cancer. All of them had their preoperative CA 15-3 and CEA serum concentrations measured. In all patients tumours were invasive cancers in stages I-III, and the mean age of patients was 52.5 years (range 24-83 years). All the patients in the study were women and 54.5% of them were postmenopausal.Tumour markers. Studied tumour markers levels were measured by immunoassays: Enzymum test 300 using the cutoff value of 5 ng/ml for CEA and Enzymum-test CA 15-3 using the cutoff value of 40 units/ml for CA 15.3. Intra-and interassay variations for both markers were 5% and 10%, respectively. Measurements of serum concentrations of CEA and CA 15-3 were blinded. In all cases histological slides from paraffin wax embedded material Abstract: It is not known whether in patients with breast cancer the occurrence of elevated serum tumour markers depends on its histological type. The aim of the study was to assess relationship between breast cancer histological type and the presence of increased serum levels of CEA and CA 15-3. The study population was 428 patients (all women, mean age 52.5 years), treated at The Department of Surgery of Wroclaw Medical University from 2005 to 2008 due to breast cancer. All of them had their preoperative CA 15-3 and CEA serum concentrations measured. According to the TNM system, 21% of patients were in stage I, 32.5% in stage II, 46.5% in stage III of the disease. In patients with ductal type of the cancer the elevated serum levels of CEA and CA 15-3 were observed in 48.7% and 42.2%, in lobular type in 42.4% and 52.5%, and in non-ductal/tubular types in 48.1% and 40.4% (p=N/S). Stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that ductal breast cancer is related to elevated CEA and normal CA 15-3 serum levels. The histological types of breast cancer are not significantly related to elevated serum levels of CEA and/or CA 15-3.

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“…These biochemical variations could also predict the response to therapy, monitor treatment, detect presence of occult metastatic disease and monitor the course of the disease. 11 Several tumor markers are in vogue now a days, which include alpha-feto protein, Carcino embryonic antigen, Human chorionic gonadotrophin, Prostate specific antigen and relatively less specific makers like Lactate dehydrogenase, Alkaline phosphatase, ferritin and Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase etc. 12 Earlier studies reported that 21 days (3 weeks) of surgery seems to be too short a period for any significant change to occur in biochemical parameters and a longer follow up was needed to establish prognostic importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

IJPSR

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the leading causes of mortality in India. The various haematological and biochemical changes including liver enzymes imbalance occur in cancer treatment. The careful monitoring of serum biochemical and haematological changes had very important role in prognosis of disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to study haematological and biochemical changes in pre and post treatment of buccal mucosa carcinoma patients. In study, totally 198 buccal mucosa carcinoma subjected were included from both genders. We observed the Haematological parameters (level of completer haemogram, differential leucocytes count), biochemical and liver function parameters in pre and post treatment of subjects. The serum biochemical and haematological levels were lower in post treatment groups than before treatment of subjects, whereas glucose level did not show significant changes. Hence, the subjects did not affected by diabetics. Most of subjects had anaemic, treatment severely affected bone marrow. However, these changes were exists statistically significant by paired samples t-test at p˂0.001. The biochemical and haematological changes were additional risk for subjects. Thus, these changes will help the prognosis and proper monitoring of the cancer subjects.

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Regular review: Tumour markers in malignancies

Cited by 74 publications

References 32 publications

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

The importance of preoperative elevated serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in patients with breast cancer in predicting its histological type.

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