Regulating the local environmental impact of intensive marine fish farming I. The concept of the MOM system (Modelling-Ongrowing fish farms-Monitoring)

Ervik, Arne; Hansen, Pia Kupka; Aure, Jan; Stigebrandt, Anders; Johannessen, Per; Jahnsen, Terje

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00186-5

Cited by 114 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As a byproduct of this expansion, the probability of interaction between farming and the environment is increasing. Negative impacts include release of waste effluents and nutrients from the cages (Ervik et al 1997, Islam 2005, the spread of diseases and parasites (Kusuda & Kawai 1998, Finstad et al 2000, Krkosek et al 2006, Skilbrei & Wennevik 2006, the attraction of wild species to fish farms (Sanchez-Jerez et al 2008) and escape of cultured individuals into the wild. The structure of natural populations is at risk from genetic interaction with escaped aquaculture conspecifics (Youngson et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced migratory performance of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts from a simulated escape during autumn

Skilbrei¹

2010

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Escape of migratory finfish species from fish farms, such as Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., offer a challenge when considering the environmental risks of cage culture. The migratory behaviour of groups of cultured salmon smolts and postsmolts after a simulated escape was studied in a small fjord from May to October using telemetry. Five groups of fish were released approximately every 6 wk from mid-May to late October, each of them composed of 15 to 20 fish equipped with acoustic transmitters and 1780 to 3700 individuals tagged with T-bar anchor tags. The migratory behaviour of the smolts was well developed in postsmolts for at least 6 wk after transfer to sea cages in May, but was less evident in August and was almost absent 2 mo later, when residency was prominent. In contrast to the first 2 groups that moved out of the 21 km-long fjord within a few days, fish released from August to October were being recaptured in the fjord several months after release. The actions required to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of cage-rearing therefore appear to depend on the developmental stage the fish has reached when it escapes. During the first summer months in the sea, efforts to prevent rapidly migrating smolts and postsmolts from escaping should be given priority. The chance of recapture in the small fjord used in this study increased as fish grew and dispersal rate decreased in autumn.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced migratory performance of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts from a simulated escape during autumn

Skilbrei¹

2010

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…An adjustable EMP is proposed by JACU-MAR for Spain, as has been done by Norway and Croatia (Ervik et al 1997, Katavić et al 2005. However, in some situations, as shown in the present study, contradictory results could affect the implementation of an adjustable EMP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From paper to practice: an initial approach to implementation of the environmental monitoring plan for fish farming proposed by JACUMAR

et al. 2018

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Summary:The Spanish National Advisory Board of Mariculture (JACUMAR) developed an initiative to unify methodologies between the regions of Spain, in which they proposed the implementation of site-specific "Environmental Monitoring Plans" (EMPs). In this study, we tested the feasibility of an EMP on a fish farm in the Mediterranean Sea. The methods and tools proposed in the EMP are highly useful for environmental monitoring of aquaculture. However, spatial heterogeneity figured prominently in a univariate analysis with environmental variables and a multivariate analysis of polychaete assemblages. This variability may be due to habitat patchiness, and may therefore be solved by an improved experimental design, e.g. by adding replications for increasing statistical power. Multivariate analysis of polychaete assemblages provided accurate information about the quality of the sediment. This information could also be improved using ecological data about key polychaete families in order to avoid misleading results. Thus, the JACUMAR EMP has proved useful in providing precise information about the ecological status of marine benthic habitats, meeting the requirements of current European Directives. However, we suggest that some modifications may be required in order to account for possible misleading thresholds for environmental quality standards, spatial heterogeneity and increasing power analyses.Keywords: aquaculture; environmental management; spatial variations; abiotic parameters; polychaete assemblages; environmental monitoring plan.Del papel a la práctica: una primera aproximación a la implementación del plan de seguimiento ambiental para acuicultura propuesto por JACUMAR Resumen: La Junta Nacional Asesora de Cultivos Marinos (JACUMAR) desarrolló una iniciativa para unificar metodologías entre las regiones de España, en la que propusieron la implementación de "Planes de Seguimiento Ambiental" (EMP) específicos de cada caso. En este estudio se ha evaluado la viabilidad del EMP en una granja de peces del Mediterráneo. Los métodos y herramientas propuestos en el EMP son de gran utilidad para el seguimiento ambiental de la acuicultura. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad espacial ha jugado un papel destacado en los análisis uni-variante con variables ambientales y multi-variante de las comunidades de poliquetos. Esta variabilidad puede ser debida a la heterogeneidad de los hábitats y, por tanto, debe resolverse mejorando el diseño experimental, p. ej. añadiendo réplicas en el muestreo para aumentar la potencia estadística. El análisis multi-variante de las comunidades de poliquetos ha proporcionado información precisa sobre la calidad del sedimento. Esta información también podría mejorarse utilizando datos ecológicos sobre las principales familias de poliquetos, con el fin de evitar resultados que pudieran inducir a errores. Por todo lo anterior, el EMP propuesto por JA-CUMAR ha demostrado ser útil para proporcionar información precisa sobre el estado ecológico de los hábitats bentónicos marinos, cumpliendo con los requis...

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“…Gowen and Bradbury (1987) developed a simple model to estimate the area affected by uneaten feed and fecal pellets in a waterbody with barotropic circulation; this model was improved and upgraded by Gowen et al (1989Gowen et al ( , 1994, allowing a realistic bathymetry and a 3D current field to be considered. Ervik et al (1997) presented the MOM (Modeling-Ongrowing fish farms-Monitoring) system that can be used to adjust the local impact of marine fish farms to the waterbody's carrying capacity. Panchang et al (1997) used hydrodynamic and transport models to simulate the dispersion of particulate wastes in coastal Maine (USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gowen y Bradbury (1987) desarrollaron un modelo simplificado para estimar el área afectada por el alimento no comido y las partículas fecales en un cuerpo de agua con circulación barotrópica; este modelo fue posteriormente mejorado y actualizado por Gowen et al (1989Gowen et al ( , 1994, al incluir una batimetría más realista y un campo de corrientes tridimensional (3D). Ervik et al (1997) presentaron el sistema MOM (Modelling-Ongrowing fish farms-Monitoring) que puede utilizarse para ajustar el impacto local de las piscifactorías marinas a la capacidad de carga de los cuerpos de agua. Panchang et al (1997) utilizaron un modelo hidrodinámico y uno de transporte para simular la dispersion de residuos particulados en la costa de Maine (EUA).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Modeling the benthic loading of particulate wastes from a gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) farm during a complete rearing cycle

2016

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INTRODUCCIÓNLa interacción entre la acuicultura y calidad de agua es un tema ampliamente conocido. Mientras que el volumen y la calidad de la cosecha, e incluso la viabilidad de la granja, dependen de la calidad del agua en la que se encuentra ubicada, las actividades de cultivo de peces son también una fuente potencial de deterioro de la calidad del agua, debido al aporte de diferentes tipos de materias y sustancias al medio acuático. Éstas pueden incluir estructuras plásticas y metálicas, alimento no consumido, productos metabólicos, productos químicos, microorganismos, parásitos, o animales ABSTRACT.The relationship between aquaculture activities and water quality plays an important role in determining the volume and quality of production as well as the impact of aquaculture on the aquatic environment. The natural assimilation capacity of a waterbody is often insufficient to cope with the continuous input of wastes from fish farms. Their impact depends not only on the waste itself, but also on other factors such as the local hydrodynamics at the farm site or the cultured species' feeding pattern. We combine a hydrodynamic model with a transport code to simulate the deposition of fecal pellets and uneaten feed from a gilthead seabream farm in the western Mediterranean Sea. The simulation spans a full 17-month rearing cycle and considers the natural variations in the feed demand of the fish during this period. The results indicated that the maximum benthic concentrations of organic matter and nutrients were found within a 100-500 m distance from the cages, depending on the type of particulate waste and on the local current characteristics. The combination of a long simulation period and realistic hydrodynamic patterns highlights the importance of considering long-term current variability when assessing the environmental impact of fish farms, and stresses the limitations of current simplistic assessment practices.

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Regulating the local environmental impact of intensive marine fish farming I. The concept of the MOM system (Modelling-Ongrowing fish farms-Monitoring)

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

Reduced migratory performance of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts from a simulated escape during autumn

Reduced migratory performance of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts from a simulated escape during autumn

From paper to practice: an initial approach to implementation of the environmental monitoring plan for fish farming proposed by JACUMAR

Modeling the benthic loading of particulate wastes from a gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) farm during a complete rearing cycle

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