Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Marker (CD133) by Transforming Growth Factor 
 Beta in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mansour, Amany H.; Elkhoda, Tawfik R.; Ayyad, Rokia Saad; Habeeb, Maha; Mohammed, Mohammed Amin

doi:10.3923/ijcr.2014.65.73

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, the levels of AFP were also found to be increased in chronic liver disease with hepatocellular damage associated with HCV infection. 95 These observations demonstrate that AFP is not only involved in HCC genesis, but primarily associated with regenerating hepatocytes. AFP is an oncofetal protein secreted by fetal liver and yok sac.…”

Section: The Origin Of Afp: Hepatic Progenitors Versus Hcscsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Mitotic quiescence in hepatic cancer stem cells: An incognito mode

Ashokachakkaravarthy¹,

Pottakkat²

2020

Oncol Rev

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Hepatocellular carcinoma represents one of the most aggressive cancers with high recurrence rates. The high recurrence is a major problem in the management of this disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are often regarded as the basis of cancer recurrence. The anti-proliferative therapy kills the proliferating cells but induces mitotic quiescence in CSCs which remain as residual dormant CSCs. Later on, withdrawal of treatment reactivates the residual CSCs from dormancy to produce new cancer cells. The proliferation of these newly formed cancer cells initiates new tumor formation in the liver leading to tumor recurrence. HCC cells evade the immune surveillance via modulating the key immune cells by alpha feto-protein (AFP) secreted from CSCs or hepatic progenitor cells. This AFP mediated immune evasion assists in establishing new tumors by cancer cells in the liver. In this review, we will summarise the CSC mechanisms of recurrence, mitotic quiescence, dormancy and reactivation of CSCs, metastasis and immune evasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Section: The Origin Of Afp: Hepatic Progenitors Versus Hcscsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Mitotic quiescence in hepatic cancer stem cells: An incognito mode

Ashokachakkaravarthy¹,

Pottakkat²

2020

Oncol Rev

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“…Unfortunately, only a few studies have emphasized the importance and benefits of liquid biopsy technology in the African HNC management settings [155]. Many liquid biopsy studies have emerged from Africa but are mostly focused on cancer affecting other areas of the human anatomy such as the liver [160][161][162][163], breast [164][165][166], colon [167][168][169], lung [170,171], skin [172], stomach [173], ovary [174], bladder [175,176], and prostate glands [177,178]. Other African liquid biopsy studies focused on lymphoreticular malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma [179,180] and acute leukemia [181,182].…”

Section: The Present State Of Liquid Biopsy For Head and Neck Cancer ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa

Temilola,

Adeola,

Grobbelaar

et al. 2023

Cells

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The rising mortality and morbidity rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Africa has been attributed to factors such as the poor state of health infrastructures, genetics, and late presentation resulting in the delayed diagnosis of these tumors. If well harnessed, emerging molecular and omics diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy can potentially play a major role in optimizing the management of HNC in Africa. However, to successfully apply liquid biopsy technology in the management of HNC in Africa, factors such as genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural acceptability of the technology must be given due consideration. This review outlines the role of circulating molecules such as tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA, proteins, and exosomes, in liquid biopsy technology for the management of HNC with a focus on studies conducted in Africa. The present state and the potential opportunities for the future use of liquid biopsy technology in the effective management of HNC in resource-limited settings such as Africa is further discussed.

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“…[111][112][113][114][115] In addition, TGF-β has been reported to regulate cancer stemness and induce the expression of stem-like cell markers like CD133. [115][116][117] CSCs can then secrete more TGF-β, regulating all immunohallmarks in the tumor, including the expression of CD47. 118 This shows how the TME is highly orchestrated and that all the three markers are interrelated.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Of Hkts In Activated and Nonactivated Melanoma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesized Honokiol Transfersomes Relieve the Immunosuppressive and Stem-Like Cell Characteristics of the Aggressive B16F10 Melanoma

Ezzeldeen¹,

Swidan²,

ElMeshad³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Background: Honokiol (HK) is a natural bioactive compound with proven antineoplastic properties against melanoma. However, it shows very low bioavailability when administered orally. Alternatively, topical administration may offer a promising route. The objective of the current study was to fabricate HK transfersomes (HKTs) for topical treatment of melanoma. As an ultradeformable carrier system, transfersomes can overcome the physiological barriers to topical treatment of melanoma: the stratum corneum and the anomalous tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the immunomodulatory and stemness-regulation roles of HKTs were the main interest of this study. Methods: TFs were prepared using the modified scalable heating method. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was utilized for the optimization of the process and formulation variables. Intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of HKTs were evaluated in nonactivated and stromal cell-activated B16F10 melanoma cells to investigate the influence of the complex tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of HK. Finally, ELISA and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGF-β and clusters of differentiation (CD47 and CD133, respectively). Results: The optimized formula exhibited a mean size of 190 nm, highly negative surface charge, high entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profile. HKTs showed potential to alleviate the immunosuppressive characteristics of B16F10 melanoma in vitro via downregulation of TGF-β signaling. In addition, HKTs reduced expression of the "do not eat me" signal -CD47. Moreover, HKTs possessed additional interesting potential to reduce the expression of the stem-like cell marker CD133. These outcomes were boosted upon combination with metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug recently reported to possess different functions in cancer, while combination with collagenase, an extracellular matrix-depleting enzyme, produced detrimental effects. Conclusion: HKTs represent a promising scalable formulation for treatment of the aggressive B16F10 melanoma, which is jam-packed with immunosuppressive and stem-like cell markers.

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Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Marker (CD133) by Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Mitotic quiescence in hepatic cancer stem cells: An incognito mode

Mitotic quiescence in hepatic cancer stem cells: An incognito mode

Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa

Green Synthesized Honokiol Transfersomes Relieve the Immunosuppressive and Stem-Like Cell Characteristics of the Aggressive B16F10 Melanoma

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