Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function in Inflammation

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells and link the innate and adaptive immune system. During steady state immune surveillance in skin, DC act as sentinels against commensals and invading pathogens. Under pathological skin conditions, inflammatory cytokines, secreted by surrounding keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and immune cells, influence the activation and maturation of different DC populations including Langerhans cells (LC) and dermal DC. In this review we address critical differences in human DC subtypes during inflammatory settings compared to steady state. We also highlight the functional characteristics of human DC subsets in inflammatory skin environments and skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Understanding the complex immunoregulatory role of distinct DC subsets in inflamed human skin will be a key element in developing novel strategies in anti-inflammatory therapy.

Vitamin D and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Skin Diseases

“…The DCs observed in atopic lesions are mainly of myeloid origin and comprise 2 populations: Langerhans cells and inflammatory DCs. It was observed that Langerhans cells are involved in Th2 polarization, while inflammatory DCs promote Th1 polarization in chronic lesions [105,106]. T reg cells play an important role in AD.…”

Spatholobus Suberectus Column Extract Suppresses Dendritic Cell Maturation and has Therapeutic Potential for Psoriasis

“…Maturation and activation of DCs are key steps in triggering the priming of autoreactive peripheral T cells, which then drive the development of inflammatory responses [16][17][18][19]. The effect of SSCE on DCs maturation was evaluated in R848-induced BMDCs.…”

State-of-the-art of regulatory dendritic cells in cancer

“…Lin − ZBTB46 + MHC-II + CD141 + conventional DCs (or their CD8a + CD4 − murine counterparts) typically cross-present extracellular antigens to CD8 + T cells, while Lin − ZBTB46 + MHC-II + CD1c + conventional DCs (or their CD8a − counterparts in mice) express a distinct TLR pattern (Said & Weindl, 2015) and are particularly effective at inducing Th2 responses (O’Keeffe, Mok, & Radford, 2015). In cancer, however, CD11b + conventional DCs have been found to suppress CD8 + T cell function in tumor-bearing mice, among other potential mechanisms, via L-Arginine metabolism (Norian, et al, 2009).…”