Regulatory T cell microRNA expression changes in children with acute Kawasaki disease

Ni, Fen-Fen; Li, C.-R.; Li, Q.; Xia, Yuxin; Wang, G.-B.; Yang, Jun J.

doi:10.1111/cei.12418

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These investigators then proposed that this imbalance of Th17/ Treg cells might be involved in disturbing the immune homeostasis in KD. This relationship was also shown by Ni et al [48]. Kuo et al [49] performed a meta-analysis of the ITPKC studies carried out in Taiwanese population and reported a significant association between ITPKC allele rs28493229 and KD (Odd's ratio of 1.36 and 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.66), especially with the risk of aneurysm formation (p=0.001).…”

Section: Etiopathogenesissupporting

confidence: 60%

Kawasaki disease: etiopathogenesis and novel treatment strategies

Agarwal

Agrawal

2016

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

164

113

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Introduction-Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis that predominantly occurs in children below five years of age. Its etiopathogenesis is still not clear, but it is thought to be a complex interplay of genetic factors, infections and immunity.Areas covered-This review article discusses in detail Kawasaki disease, with particular emphasis on the recent updates on its pathogenesis and upcoming alternate treatment options. Though self-limiting in many cases, it can lead to severe complications like coronary artery aneurysms and thrombo-embolic occlusions, and hence requires early diagnosis and urgent attention to avoid them. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with or without aspirin has remained the sole treatment option for these cases, but 10-15% cases develop resistance to this treatment.Expert Commentary-There is a need to develop additional treatment strategies for children with Kawasaki disease. Targeting different steps of pathogenesis could provide us with alternate therapeutic options.

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Section: Etiopathogenesissupporting

confidence: 60%

Kawasaki disease: etiopathogenesis and novel treatment strategies

Agarwal

Agrawal

2016

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

164

113

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“…In patients with acute KD, Tregs were shown to decrease not only in numbers, but in function with a downregulation in Treg key regulatory molecules including FOXP3, GITR, and CTLA-4 [55,56]. Downregulation of these key regulatory molecules in acute phase KD is suggested to be the result of increased expression of miR-31, which directly targets FOXP3 mRNA, and decreased expression of miR-155, which is involved in a signaling pathway promoting FOXP3 expression (Table 3) [55]. In another study, whole blood miRNA expression differences were explored between acute KD and adenovirus infection to show significantly higher expression of miR-145 in KD [57].…”

Section: Kawasaki Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and Vasculitis: a Comprehensive Review

Renauer

Coit

Sawalha

2015

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Vasculitides represent a group of relatively rare systemic inflammatory diseases of the blood vessels. Despite recent progress in understanding the genetic basis and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in vasculitis, the etiology and pathogenesis of vasculitis remain incompletely understood. Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in immune-mediated diseases, and the contribution of epigenetic aberrancies in vasculitis is increasingly being recognized. Histone modifications in the PR3 and MPO gene loci might be mechanistically involved in the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Similarly, other studies revealed important epigenetic contribution to other vasculitides, including Kawasaki disease and IgA vasculitis. More recently, genome-wide epigenomic studies have been performed in several vasculitides. A recent genome-wide DNA methylation study uncovered an important role for epigenetic remodeling of cytoskeleton-related genes in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease and suggested that reversal of some of these DNA methylation changes associates with disease remission. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling characterized the inflammatory response in temporal artery tissue from patients with giant cell arteritis and showed increased activation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling, prompting the suggestion that a specific calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor that is well tolerated and with the added beneficial anti-platelet activity, such as dipyridamole, might be of therapeutic potential in giant cell arteritis. While epigenetic studies in systemic vasculitis are still in their infancy, currently available data clearly indicate that investigating the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these diseases will help to better understand the pathogenesis of vasculitis and provide novel targets for the development of disease biomarkers and new therapies.

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“…IVIG treatment also reduced the proportion of Th17 cells, as well as the expression of IL‐17. IVIG has been shown to increase T reg proportions and expression of FOXP3 in the acute phase of KD . Furthermore, IVIG treatment in combination with IFX was found to increase the number of T reg cells in patients with KD .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…T‐helper type 17 and T reg cells have recently been reported to have an important role in the induction of systemic vasculitis during the acute phase of KD . Th17 cells can produce IL‐17 and lead to tissue damage and autoimmunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%