Reinstatement of Ethanol‐Seeking Behavior Following Intravenous Self‐Administration in Wistar Rats

Gass, Justin T.; Olive, M. Foster

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00480.x

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Interestingly, in both rats and monkeys, the a2-antagonist, yohimbine, induces reinstatement, acting like a stressor Shepard et al 2004;Gass & Olive 2007). In additional experiments, we determined that noradrenergic neurons arising from the lateral tegmental nuclei and projecting to the CeA and BNST were of primary importance in stress-induced reinstatement (Shaham et al 2000b).…”

Section: Stress-induced Reinstatementmentioning

confidence: 97%

Psychological and neural mechanisms of relapse

Stewart

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Relapse, the resumption of drug taking after periods of abstinence, remains the major problem for the treatment of addiction. Even when drugs are unavailable for long periods or when users are successful in curbing their drug use for extended periods, individuals remain vulnerable to events that precipitate relapse. Behavioural studies in humans and laboratory animals show that drug-related stimuli, drugs themselves and stressors are powerful events for the precipitation of relapse. Molecular, neurochemical and anatomical studies have identified lasting neural changes that arise from mere exposure to drugs and other enduring changes that arise from learning about the relationship between drug-related stimuli and drug effects. Chronic drug exposure increases sensitivity of some systems of the brain to the effects of drugs and stressful events. These changes, combined with those underlying conditioning and learning, perpetuate vulnerability to drug-related stimuli. Circuits of the brain involved are those of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system and its glutamatergic connections, and the corticotropin-releasing factor and noradrenergic systems of the limbic brain. This paper reviews advances in our understanding of how these systems mediate the effects of events that precipitate relapse and of how lasting changes in these systems can perpetuate vulnerability to relapse.

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Section: Stress-induced Reinstatementmentioning

confidence: 97%

Psychological and neural mechanisms of relapse

Stewart

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…In addition, non-alcoholics tend to choose alcohol over other types of reinforcement and show increased alcohol consumption following an alcohol priming dose (Chutuape and de Wit 1994; de Wit and Chutuape 1993; Hobbs et al 2005). In preclinical animal models, an experimenter-administered priming dose of alcohol effectively reinstates alcohol-seeking behavior (Gass and Olive 2007; Le et al 1999; Le et al 1998; Vosler et al 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of varenicline on alcohol-primed self-administration and seeking behavior in rats

et al. 2015

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Rationale Varenicline, a smoking-cessation agent, may be useful in treating alcohol use disorders. An important consideration when studying factors that influence drinking/relapse is influence of the pharmacological effects of alcohol on these behaviors. Pre-exposure to alcohol (priming) can increase craving, drinking and seeking behaviors. Objectives The primary goal of this work was to determine the effects of varenicline on alcohol-primed self-administration and seeking behavior in male Long Evans rats. Methods First, we assessed whether varenicline (0, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg, IP) has alcohol-like discriminative stimulus effects and whether varenicline alters sensitivity to alcohol in rats trained to discriminate a moderate alcohol dose (1 g/kg, IG) vs. water. Second, animals trained to self-administer alcohol underwent assessments to test the effects of: (i) varenicline (0, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg, IP) on self-administration, (ii) alcohol priming (0, 0.3, 1 g/kg, IG) on self-administration and seeking behavior, (iii) varenicline (1 mg/kg) in combination with alcohol priming (1 g/kg) on these behaviors. Results Varenicline did not substitute for alcohol, but disrupted the expression of sensitivity to alcohol. Varenicline decreased self-administration, but only at a motor impairing dose (3 mg/kg). Alcohol priming decreased self-administration and seeking behavior. Varenicline (1 mg/kg) blocked this effect under self-administration conditions, but not seeking conditions, which effectively resulted in increased alcohol intake. Conclusions These findings suggest the importance of further behavioral and mechanistic studies to evaluate the use of varenicline in treating alcohol use disorders and its potential impact on drinking patterns in smokers using varenicline as a smoking cessation aid.

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“…Many theories of addiction hypothesize that stress is one of the primary causes of relapse in human addicts (2,3). Using animal models, several laboratories have demonstrated that exposure to an acute stressor can effectively reinstate drug seeking of various drugs, including opiates, psychostimulants, alcohol, and nicotine (68)(69)(70)(71). Stress facilitates relapse by activating central CRF brain circuits.…”

Section: Effect Of Stress On the Addiction Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Making a bad thing worse: adverse effects of stress on drug addiction

Cleck¹,

Blendy²

2008

J. Clin. Invest.

105

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Sustained exposure to various psychological stressors can exacerbate neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. Addiction is a chronic brain disease in which individuals cannot control their need for drugs, despite negative health and social consequences. The brains of addicted individuals are altered and respond very differently to stress than those of individuals who are not addicted. In this Review, we highlight some of the common effects of stress and drugs of abuse throughout the addiction cycle. We also discuss both animal and human studies that suggest treating the stress-related aspects of drug addiction is likely to be an important contributing factor to a long-lasting recovery from this disorder.

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Reinstatement of Ethanol‐Seeking Behavior Following Intravenous Self‐Administration in Wistar Rats

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Psychological and neural mechanisms of relapse

Psychological and neural mechanisms of relapse

The role of varenicline on alcohol-primed self-administration and seeking behavior in rats

Making a bad thing worse: adverse effects of stress on drug addiction

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