“…Little or no active immunity develops as a result of clinical tetanus in people (Turner et al, 1957;Vakil et al, 1964), yet despite this, reports of relapsing or recurrent tetanus in people are very rare and non-existent amongst equids. In a review of the human literature, the first recurring case was reported by Whittemore et al in 1918 and this has been followed by other isolated single cases (Lemere et al, 1941;Vakil et al, 1964;Spenney et al, 1971;Bhatt et al, 1981;Lindley-Jones et al, 2004;Wakasaya et al, 2009 andAlhaji et al, 2011). In addition, three case series are described in the human literature (Garcia-Palmieri & Ramirez, 1957 reported on 5 cases; Patel et al 1961 on 17 cases andVakil et al, 1964 on 11 cases).…”