Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and its Relationship with the Immune System and Oxidative Stress

Soto-Brambila, Ada Paloma; Ortíz, Genaro Gabriel; Rivero-Moragrega, Paloma; Briones-Torres, Ana Laura; González-Ortiz, Luis J.; Pacheco-Moisés, Fermín Paul

doi:10.2174/1573395514666171226154300

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Melatonin-binding sites have been found in the membranes of several tissues known as high affinity G-protein coupled receptors (Zhao et al 2019 ; Kern et al 2019 ). Those receptors are MT1 and MT2, which are expressed, among other places, in several areas of the CNS (Soto-Brambila et al 2017 ). MT1, is codified by the gene MTNR1A in chromosome 4q35.1 (Li et al 2013 ) and is mainly found in the hippocampus, retina, thalamus, vestibular nuclei, brain and cerebellum; and MT2 is codified by the gene MTNR1B in chromosome 11q21-q22 (Li et al 2013 ) and is located in the hippocampus, brain, cerebellum, reticular thalamus, substantia nigra, supraoptic nucleus and red nucleus (Musshoff et al 2002 ; Comai and Gobbi 2014 ; Beriwal et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Melatonin: Synthesis Secretion Receptors and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MT1, is codified by the gene MTNR1A in chromosome 4q35.1 (Li et al 2013 ) and is mainly found in the hippocampus, retina, thalamus, vestibular nuclei, brain and cerebellum; and MT2 is codified by the gene MTNR1B in chromosome 11q21-q22 (Li et al 2013 ) and is located in the hippocampus, brain, cerebellum, reticular thalamus, substantia nigra, supraoptic nucleus and red nucleus (Musshoff et al 2002 ; Comai and Gobbi 2014 ; Beriwal et al 2019 ). Other nuclear melatonin-binding sites have also been described, such as orphan receptors related to retinoic acid (ROR) (Soto-Brambila et al 2017 ; Kern et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Melatonin: Synthesis Secretion Receptors and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MS is a disease that causes motor, sensorial and cognitive deficits (Soto-Brambila et al 2017 ). Patients with this disease have a wide variety of symptoms (Huang et al 2017 ), although the most common ones are: vision deficiency, extreme fatigue, spasms, (Soto-Brambila et al 2017 ), bladder dysfunction, paresthesia, dysesthesia, diplopia, ataxia, vertigo, trigeminal neuralgia and optic neuritis (Hauser and Goodwin 2008 ; Goldenberg 2012 ; Escribano et al 2014 ). It is also associated with comorbidities, such as anxiety, depression and sleep alterations (Skarlis and Anagnostouli 2020 ).…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiopathological characteristics of MS are: inflammation that occurs in white matter areas of the CNS (Sánchez-López et al 2018 ), demyelination and glial healing (Akpinar et al 2008 ), that occurs focally or diffusely all over the grey and white brain matter and the spinal cord (Lassmann et al 2007 , 2012 ; Escribano et al 2014 ). Demyelination is propagated through the CNS and may vary in distribution, pattern and size (Soto-Brambila et al 2017 ). These lesions are produced by an immuno-mediated dysregulation of the blood brain barrier (BBB), facilitating the entry of inflammatory cells activated in the brain and spine (Yeganeh-Salehpour et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines induces an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (Soto-Brambila et al 2017 ; Conde et al 2019 ). The latter are extremely unstable and have a great oxidative capacity (Long et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action

et al. 2022

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Background Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. In this regard, different studies have shown that there is a relationship between Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System. Aim The objective of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis caused by MS, as well as its interaction with different hormones and factors that can influence the pathophysiology of the disease. Results Melatonin causes a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and can counteract and inhibit the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which would also be beneficial during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, melatonin increases antimicrobial peptides, especially Reg3β, which could be useful in controlling the microbiota. Conclusion Melatonin could exert a beneficial effect in people suffering from MS, running as a promising candidate for the treatment of this disease. However, more research in human is needed to help understand the possible interaction between melatonin and certain sex hormones, such as estrogens, to know the potential therapeutic efficacy in both men and women.

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Section: Melatonin: Synthesis Secretion Receptors and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Melatonin: Synthesis Secretion Receptors and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action

et al. 2022

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SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients: interaction with treatments, adjuvant therapies, and vaccines against COVID-19

et al. 2022

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised particular concern for people with Multiple Sclerosis, as these people are believed to be at increased risk of infection, especially those being treated with disease-modifying therapies. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe how COVID-19 affects people who suffer from Multiple Sclerosis, evaluating the risk they have of suffering an infection by this virus, according to the therapy to which they are subjected as well as the immune response of these patients both to infection and vaccines and the neurological consequences that the virus can have in the long term. The results regarding the increased risk of infection due to treatment are contradictory. B-cell depletion therapies may cause patients to have a lower probability of generating a detectable neutralizing antibody titer. However, more studies are needed to help understand how this virus works, paying special attention to long COVID and the neurological symptoms that it causes.

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Animal model of multiple sclerosis: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Muñoz-Jurado,

Escribano,

Túnez

2024

Methods in Cell Biology

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Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and its Relationship with the Immune System and Oxidative Stress

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action

Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action

SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients: interaction with treatments, adjuvant therapies, and vaccines against COVID-19

Animal model of multiple sclerosis: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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