Relating a Large‐Scale Variation of Waves in the Indian Ocean to the IOD

Li, Rui; Wu, Kejian; Li, Jingkai; Dong, Xianghui; Sun, Jian; Zhang, Wenqing; Liu, Qingxiang

doi:10.1029/2022jc018941

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Compared to wind seas, swells are smoother and have faster propagation speeds and longer wavelengths (and periods). What is more, swells can travel long distances and transfer energy across the entire ocean [1][2][3], and they typically have a dominant energy contribution, as demonstrated by both Semedo et al and Chen et al [4,5]. Although swells seem to be gentle, they can also pose a threat to shipping activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the 20-Year Variability of Ocean Wave Hazards in the Northwest Pacific

Zhang

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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In the Northwest Pacific (NWP), where a unique monsoon climate exists and where both typhoons and extratropical storms occur frequently, hazardous waves pose a significant risk to maritime safety. To analyze the 20-year variability of hazardous waves in this region, this study utilized hourly reanalysis data from the ECMWF ERA5 dataset covering the period from 2001–2020, alongside the wave risk assessment method. The ERA5 data exhibits better consistency, in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, than satellite data. Although hazardous wind seas occur more frequently than hazardous swells, swells make hazardous waves travel further. Notably, the extreme wave height (EWH) shows an increasing trend in high- and low-latitude areas of the NWP. The change in meridional wind speeds is the primary reason for the change in the total wind speed in the NWP. Notably, the maximum annual increase rate of 0.013 m/year for EWH exists in the region of the Japanese Archipelago. This study elucidated the distributions of wave height intensity and wave risk levels, noting that the EWHs of the 50-year and 100-year return periods can reach 20.92 m and 23.07 m, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the 20-Year Variability of Ocean Wave Hazards in the Northwest Pacific

Zhang

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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“…The main focus of this paper is on the effects of meridional wave transport. In our study of the relationship between IOD and wave transport in the Indian Ocean [43], we concentrate on zonal transport. Zonal wave transport can also significantly impact the IOD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Large-Scale Variability of North Pacific Waves and El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Zhang,

Wu,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Ocean waves are crucial for driving various oceanic processes. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of significant wave height (SWH) in the North Pacific (NP) is analyzed using the 42-year ERA5 reanalysis dataset from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The presence of an ENSO signal is confirmed in wave fields of the North Pacific. Furthermore, the spatial distributions of swells and wind waves are analyzed using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method, revealing that waves can transport large-scale signals from the NP to lower latitudes through swells. In addition, our research reveals a relationship between ENSO and Stokes drift in the NP. Stokes drift contributes positively to the maintenance of stable sea surface temperatures (SSTs) by transporting more (less) water towards the equatorial Pacific during El Niño (La Niña year) years. It is further noted that during strong ENSO events, the strength of the Stokes drift anomaly intensifies accordingly, which implies a strong link between wave-induced transport and ENSO.

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“…The impacts of concurrent events (e.g., ENSO + Southern Annular Mode [SAM]) on the wave or wind parameters can also be explored by using composites during positive/negative phases of the cooccurrence (Godoi & Torres Júnior, 2020; Ramos et al., 2021). The propagation of waves across oceanic basins could also interact with climate variability (Li et al., 2021, 2022; A. G. Marshall et al., 2018). Li et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Multiple Approaches to Study the Modulation of Ocean Waves Due To Climate Variability

Liu,

Meucci,

Young

2023

JGR Oceans

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Using multiple approaches, the modulation of climate variability on global ocean waves from 1981 to 2020 is investigated based on a wave hindcast model forced by ERA5 winds. These climate variabilities include: El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Linear regression and composite analysis results indicate that El Niño‐induced low‐pressure systems in December‐January‐February (DJF) generate energetic waves in the Pacific Ocean. Positive AAO events are associated with the southward movement of westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere and thus produce long‐period Southern Ocean swell that impacts the South Pacific Ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere, positive AO is associated with strengthening winds which generate larger waves around the Icelandic region. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) approach was further undertaken to study interannual variability of significant wave height (Hs) anomalies. In DJF, mode 1 marks the impacts of ENSO and PDO on the Pacific Ocean and AO in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mode 2 is controlled by AO, which is characterized by a dipole pattern in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mode 3 describes the AAO footprints in the Southern Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. In June‐July‐August (JJA), the leading mode is influenced by AAO and AMO. Mode 2 indicates the importance of ENSO and PDO which exhibit opposite patterns in the Pacific Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Finally, a wavelet coherence analysis is conducted on the principal components and climate indexes, which shows their respective evolutions over the time‐frequency domain.

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Relating a Large‐Scale Variation of Waves in the Indian Ocean to the IOD

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Analysis of the 20-Year Variability of Ocean Wave Hazards in the Northwest Pacific

Analysis of the 20-Year Variability of Ocean Wave Hazards in the Northwest Pacific

Relationship between Large-Scale Variability of North Pacific Waves and El Niño-Southern Oscillation

A Comparison of Multiple Approaches to Study the Modulation of Ocean Waves Due To Climate Variability

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