Relations among individual (residual) feed intake, growth performance and feed intake pattern of growing pigs in group housing

Haer, L. C. M. de; Luiting, P.; Aarts, H.L.M.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(93)90056-n

Cited by 90 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The energy cost related to the standing posture recorded in the present study highlights a major importance of physical activity in the line difference for energy expenditure. This result is consistent with the previously reported lower heat production associated with decreased physical activity in low RFI animals, in laying hens (Luiting et al, 1991), beef cattle (Herd et al, 2004) and pigs (De Haer et al, 1993;Barea et al, 2010;Sadler et al, 2011). Moreover, Lepron et al (2007) reported that the postures and other behaviours partly explained residual ME intake in three pig lines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Several studies comparing breeds or groups of pigs with contrasted RFI have found correlations between RFI and feeding patterns, such as DFI, feeder occupation time per day or daily number of visits to the feeder (De Haer et al, 1993;Rauw et al, 2006). Our results also suggest that low RFI is associated with shorter daily eating time and lower number of meals, in agreement with a larger study on these RFI lines at earlier stages of selection (Gilbert et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In pigs, some studies have focused on relationships between RFI and appetite and feeding activity (De Haer et al, 1993;Rauw et al, 2006;Gilbert et al, 2009;Young et al, 2011). They indicate that decreased RFI is related to diminished daily feed intake (DFI), feeding patterns characterized by fewer meals, less time eating per day and a higher feeding rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They indicate that decreased RFI is † E-mail: marie-christine.salaun@rennes.inra.fr Animal (2014), 8:11, pp 1898-1906 animal 1898 related to diminished daily feed intake (DFI), feeding patterns characterized by fewer meals, less time eating per day and a higher feeding rate. De Haer et al (1993) reported that the variation in feed intake activity in group-housed growing pigs accounted for 44% of the variation in RFI. Studies in laying hens (Luiting et al, 1991) and beef cattle (Herd et al, 2004) have demonstrated a significant association between general behavioural activity and RFI.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Divergent selection for residual feed intake in group-housed growing pigs: characteristics of physical and behavioural activity according to line and sex

Meunier-Salaün

Guérin

Billon³

et al. 2014

Animal

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The aim of the study was to assess the impact of selection for residual feed intake (RFI) on the behavioural activity of lines divergently selected for RFI during seven generations. In all, six successive batches from the seventh generation of selection were raised in collective pens equipped with a single-place electronic feeder (SEF) from 10 weeks of age to 100 kg BW. Each batch included four groups of 12 pigs: high RFI (RFI + ) castrated males, RFI + females, low RFI (RFI − ) castrated males, RFI − females. At 17 weeks of age, health criteria were evaluated using a gradient scale for increased severity of lameness, body lesions, bursae and tail biting. Individual behavioural activities were recorded by 24-h video tape on the day after health evaluation. The investigative motivation towards unfamiliar objects was quantified at 18 weeks of age. The daily individual feeding patterns were computed from SEF records during the 4 weeks surrounding 12, 17 and 22 weeks of age. All pigs spent significantly most of their time lying in diurnal (80% of total scan) and nocturnal (>89%) periods. The RFI − pigs showed a lower proportion of health problems ( P < 0.01) than RFI + pigs. The RFI − pigs used the SEF less than the RFI + pigs, in diurnal (5.3% v. 6.4% of video scans, P < 0.05) and nocturnal periods (3.6% v. 4.5% of video scans, P < 0.05). This was confirmed by a significantly lower daily number and duration of visits to the SEF computed from the SEF data. The feeding activity measured from the video recording was significantly correlated ( R > 0.34; P < 0.05) with feeding patterns computed from the SEF. The RFI − pigs spent less time standing over the 24-h period (9.7% v. 12.2% of scans, i.e. 35 min/day, P < 0.05). In terms of energy costs, this amounted to 14% of the line difference in terms of daily metabolizable energy intake. The castrated males used the SEF more than females, especially at night (4.7% v. 3.4% of total scans, P < 0.05), whereas females displayed greater investigation of their environment (7.7 ± 0.3% v. 6.6 ± 0.2% of total scans, P < 0.05) and the novel objects (10.7% v. 4.9% of total scans, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the lower physical activity associated with reduced energy expenditure in RFI − pigs compared with RFI + pigs contributed significantly to their improved efficiency and was not related to worsened health scores.Keywords: pig, genetic, residual feed intake, physical activity, behaviour ImplicationsSelection for reduced residual feed intake (RFI) to improve the feed efficiency of pigs diminishes daily feed intake. In this study, physical activity is also reduced, and the energy saving associated with the lower physical activity in the low RFI pigs explains 14% of the feed intake difference between two lines divergently selected for RFI, significantly contributing to the better feed efficiency of the low RFI pigs. This highlights the potential of phenotyping physical activity in pigs to better quantify energy expenditure, together with the impact of improved efficiency on animal behavi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divergent selection for residual feed intake in group-housed growing pigs: characteristics of physical and behavioural activity according to line and sex

Meunier-Salaün

Guérin

Billon³

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…The results of the present study showed that the maximum ADFI, ADG and G : . Although it has been reported that group housing had an influence on eating pattern but no effect on ADFI or FCR (de Haer et al, 1993;Nielsen et al, 1996), the current results might be affected by the individual housing conditions, which are in contrast to practical group housing. The detrimental effect of Val deficiency on feed intake has also been reported in a previous study on Val, where the Val deficiency resulted in a reduction of the performance, but addition of L-Val to the Val deficient diet restored the pig's performance (Gaines et al, 2011).…”

contrasting

confidence: 78%

Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs

Soumeh

Milgen

Sloth

et al. 2015

Animal

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The objective was to define the Val requirement for weaned piglets in the context of reducing the dietary protein content. A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val to Lys ratio required to support the optimum growth of post-weaned piglets. In this study, 96 pigs weighing 8 kg were allotted to one of six dietary treatments (16 pigs for each dietary treatment) and were housed individually. Diets were formulated to provide 0.58, 0.62, 0.66, 0.70, 0.74 and 0.78 SID Val : Lys by adding graded levels of crystalline L-Val to the 0.58 SID Val : Lys diet. Lysine was sub-limiting and supplied 90% of the recommendation (10.95 g SID Lys/kg equal to 11.8 g/kg total Lys). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G : F) were determined during a 14-day period of ad libitum feeding. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each week (day 7 and 14 of the experiment) 3 h after feeding the experimental diets. ImplicationsThere is an increasing interest in reducing the CP level in pig diets, which allows for further reductions in the excretion of N into the environment and eliminates gut problems and diarrhea of post-weaned piglets caused by high CP level in the diet. Data on the Val requirement are scarce for young pigs and the estimated requirements of 0.70 standardized ileal digestible Val : Lys contributes to the knowledge of the requirements of individual amino acid, which is needed in order to formulate reduced CP diets and support animal growth performance simultaneously.

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Feed Efficiency and Animal Robustness

Rauw

2012

Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry

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Relations among individual (residual) feed intake, growth performance and feed intake pattern of growing pigs in group housing

Cited by 90 publications

References 22 publications

Divergent selection for residual feed intake in group-housed growing pigs: characteristics of physical and behavioural activity according to line and sex

Divergent selection for residual feed intake in group-housed growing pigs: characteristics of physical and behavioural activity according to line and sex

Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs

Feed Efficiency and Animal Robustness

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