Relationship between ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms and FIFA World averaged rating

Abstract

Polymorphisms in ACTN3 and ACE genes were previously reported to be associated with power and endurance performance. We estimated the relationship between their population frequencies in several countries and FIFA World averaged rating (FWAR). The entropy was used as the measure of uncertainty. The FWAR distribution entropy (in nats) was 1.38. The FWAR conditional distribution entropy given ACTN3 RR and ACE II frequencies was 1.27 and 1.24, respectively. Almost same FWAR conditional entropy (1.25) was after adjustment on GDP.Population frequencies of polymorphisms in power and endurance performance genes might be a cause of high or low FWAR (low frequency --less football players) or an effect of ethnic origin and geographical location of countries, related to GDP.