Relationship between Divergent Thinking and Intelligence: An Empirical Study of the Threshold Hypothesis with Chinese Children

Shi, Baoguo; Wang, Lijing; Yang, Jiahui; Zhang, Mengpin; Xu, Li

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00254

Cited by 65 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, Van der Valk, Sumo, Dul, and Schroeder (2016) test whether trust and contracts are necessary for successful collaboration between buyers and suppliers for innovation. Arenius, Engel, and Klyver (2017) test whether particular gestation activities for establishing a new firm are necessary for profit two years after the firm's start, and Karwowski et al (2016); Karwowski, Kaufman, Lebuda, Szumski, and FirkowskaMankiewicz (2017);and Shi, Wang, Yang, Zhang, and Xu (2017) test the hypothesis that intelligence is necessary for creativity. Currently, such necessity hypotheses are assessed based on NCA effect size.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Statistical Significance Test for Necessary Condition Analysis

Dul

Laan

Kuik

2018

Organizational Research Methods

275

169

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In this article, we present a statistical significance test for necessary conditions. This is an elaboration of necessary condition analysis (NCA), which is a data analysis approach that estimates the necessity effect size of a condition X for an outcome Y. NCA puts a ceiling on the data, representing the level of X that is necessary (but not sufficient) for a given level of Y. The empty space above the ceiling relative to the total empirical space characterizes the necessity effect size. We propose a statistical significance test that evaluates the evidence against the null hypothesis of an effect being due to chance. Such a randomness test helps protect researchers from making Type 1 errors and drawing false positive conclusions. The test is an "approximate permutation test." The test is available in NCA software for R. We provide suggestions for further statistical development of NCA.Keywords null hypothesis testing, permutation test, necessary condition analysis, statistical significance, p value Necessary condition analysis (NCA; Dul, 2016) is a tool for researchers to develop and test necessary but not sufficient conditions. A necessary condition enables the outcome when present and constrains the outcome when absent. NCA assumes that outcome Y is bound by condition X by drawing a ceiling line on top of the data in an XY scatter plot. The line defines the empty space in the upper left corner of the scatter plot.1 This empty space suggests that high values of Y are not possible with low values of X and indicates that X constrains Y. The size of the empty space relative to the total space with observations reflects the extent of the constraint that X poses on Y: The larger the empty space, the more X constrains Y. The necessity effect size (d) is the size of the empty space above the ceiling as a fraction of the total space where cases are observed or could be observed given by the minimum and maximum empirical or theoretical values of X and Y (scope 2 ). NCA's effect size d has values between 0 and 1.

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confidence: 99%

A Statistical Significance Test for Necessary Condition Analysis

Dul

Laan

Kuik

2018

Organizational Research Methods

275

169

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“…Recently, a few studies have employed a newly developed method called Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA, Dul, 2016) and claim to have found support for the notion that a certain minimum level of intelligence is necessary for a high level of creativity (Karwowski et al, 2016(Karwowski et al, , 2017Shi et al, 2017). However, as a negatively skewed predictor (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Threshold-like associations as a function of disturbance (v0.2)"

Roskos¹

2019

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According to the intelligence-creativity threshold hypothesis, there should be a positive association between intelligence and creative potential up to a certain point, the threshold, after which a further increase in intelligence should have no association with creativity. In the present simulation study, the measured intelligence and creativity of virtual subjects were affected by their true abilities as well as a disturbance factor that varied in magnitude between subjects. The results indicate that the hypothesized threshold-like association could be due to some disturbing factor, e.g. low motivation, illness, or linguistic confusion, that varies between individuals and that affects both measured intelligence and measured creativity, especially if the actual association between intelligence and creativity is weak. This, together with previous negative findings, calls the validity of the intelligencecreativity threshold hypothesis into question.

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“…According to the intellectual threshold theory, when IQ is below 115-120, intelligence and creativity form a single factor, with IQ above 120 they are independent factors [18]. B. Shi's et al studies revealed that the breakpoint of the relation between creativity and intelligence occurred at an IQ of 110.1 [19].…”

Section: Creativity and Intelligence As General Adaptation Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Creativity and Personal Adaptation Resources

Gryazeva-Dobshinskaya

Dmitrieva

Korobova

et al. 2020

Behavioral Sciences

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The study provides insights into the aspects of creativity, the structure of psychometric intelligence, and personal adaptation resources of senior preschool children. Creativity and intelligence are presented as general adaptation resources. Existing studies of creative ability and creativity as integral individual characteristics in the context of adaptation are analyzed. The aim is to identify varied sets of creativity and personal adaptation resource markers that differentiate groups of children in order to determine possible strategies for adaptation, preservation, and development of their creative abilities at the beginning of lyceum schooling. It embraces the use of the E. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) (figural version), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and the G. Rorschach Test. A sample of the study consisted of 122 children, aged 6-7 and enrolled in a school. The average IQ score among the children was above 115 (M = 133.7, σ = 9.9). The entire sample was divided into four groups by the originality-elaboration ratio according to the TTCT. The correctness of the children's division into the groups according to the markers of creativity and personal adaptation resources is confirmed by the discriminant analysis. We have identified the factor structure of creativity, intelligence, and personal adaptation resources in the entire sample of children and in each of the groups. In the group of preschoolers with high originality and elaboration, the resulting structure integrated the components of creativity with personal adaptation resources and intelligence scores. In the group of children with a low level of originality and elaboration, the markers of creativity, intelligence, and personal adaptation resources are not interlinked.

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Relationship between Divergent Thinking and Intelligence: An Empirical Study of the Threshold Hypothesis with Chinese Children

Cited by 65 publications

References 63 publications

A Statistical Significance Test for Necessary Condition Analysis

A Statistical Significance Test for Necessary Condition Analysis

Peer Review #1 of "Threshold-like associations as a function of disturbance (v0.2)"

Children’s Creativity and Personal Adaptation Resources

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