Relationship between Fertility Diet Score Index Items and Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by ovarian dysfunction and a leading cause of infertility due to ovulatory issues. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications, exercise, and weight management, are considered first-line therapies for women with PCOS; however, the optimal treatment remains unidentified. The Fertility Diet (FD), introduced in 2007, represents a dietary approach that may positively impact fertility by emphasizing specific micronutrients, dietary composition modifications, weight management, and increased physical activity. This narrative review aims to evaluate how various components of the Fertility Diet influence ovulation and overall fertility, assessed through a fertility diet score. The findings of this study suggest that adherence to the Fertility Diet, particularly higher intake of the monounsaturated to trans-fat ratio, and increased vegetable protein intake, may positively influence fertility outcomes in individuals with PCOS. In contrast, high consumption of animal protein and high glycemic load food may have adverse effects. However, the current evidence remains insufficient for definitive conclusions, warranting further interventional studies to explore this relationship.