Relationship Between Gender, Age, and Weight and the Serum Ionized Calcium Variations in Dog Periodontal Disease Evolution

Carreira, L. Miguel; Dias, Daniela; Azevedo, Pedro

doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2015.07.001

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This indicates that additional diagnostic tools for use in unanesthetized dogs may be helpful in screening and designing treatment plans at CB or LTS facilities. Biomarkers that have been investigated as aides to staging periodontal disease include measurements of serum ionized calcium [ 25 , 29 ] and dissolved thiol, a product of bacterial metabolism that can indicate active periodontal infection [ 26 ]. These tools have been evaluated for use in differentiating between dogs with gingival inflammation alone as compared to those with attachment loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the validity and reliability of a visual dental scale for detection of periodontal disease (PD) in non-anesthetized dogs (Canis familiaris)

Bauer

Stella

Lemmons³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions affecting companion dogs. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were: to determine 1) the agreement between visual assessments (VA) of periodontal disease (PD) performed on awake dogs and the reference standard (RS) of a dental examination and radiographs performed with the dog under general anesthesia, and 2) inter-rater reliability (IRR) for two individuals performing VAs of PD on the same dogs. One hundred and eight dogs were recruited from three veterinary practices. An oral examination and visual PD staging based on the American Veterinary Dental College’s (AVDC) 5-point scale was performed by the investigators prior to general anesthesia and the dental procedure. After the anesthetic evaluation and radiographs, the attending veterinarian staged each dog based on the AVDC’s 5-point scale. Agreement between the VA and RS as well as IRR were determined using percent agreement and a weighted kappa statistic. Eighty-nine dogs received a complete oral examination under general anesthesia with periodontal probing and full-mouth radiographs. Fifty-nine dogs received a VA by both raters. VA agreed with the RS 41.57% of the time with a weighted kappa of 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.29–0.55), indicating moderate agreement. Between raters, VA agreed 61.02% of the time with a weighted kappa of 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.49–0.76), indicating substantial IRR. The results of this study reinforce the idea that an oral examination in an awake dog can be a helpful screening tool, but should not be considered a comprehensive evaluation of periodontal health. In facilities housing large numbers of dogs such as shelters, breeding kennels, and research facilities, use of a VA can aid in identifying and prioritizing dogs most in need of procedures such as professional cleaning, periodontal treatment, including closed root planing, or surgical care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the validity and reliability of a visual dental scale for detection of periodontal disease (PD) in non-anesthetized dogs (Canis familiaris)

Bauer

Stella

Lemmons³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Carreira et al. (); Carter and Keen () For statistical analysis, we used SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are particularly important during anaesthesia and surgical procedures in dental and maxillofacial practice, such as exodontias (Guimarães et al., ). Exodontia (tooth extraction) is one of the most commonly used techniques in small animal dental medicine (Girard et al., ; Holmstrom et al., ; Carreira et al., ). Exodontia can be simple or complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight of Dogs' Inner Mandible Anatomy using Mathematical Models

Santos¹,

Carreira

2016

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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This study was performed in a sample of 20 dogs (n = 20) and aimed to: (1) characterize the mandible height (Mh), mandibular canal height (MCh) and distance between the inter-dental alveolar margin and the mandibular canal (dIAM-MC) dimensions, and (2) to develop mathematical models that express the insight's mandible anatomy of those important mandible structural elements allowing the prediction of their dimensions using physical parameters such as patient body weight (Wg) and the canine tooth width at the free gingival margin level-(wCGM). Lateral-view X-rays of both sides of the skull were taken for all the individuals. Three mathematical prediction models were developed to calculate Mh, MCh and dIAM-MC. Achieved proportions of the mandible considered parameters regarding its height were of 36.45% for MCh, 50.90% for dMAI-MC and 12.65% for vMC. Statistically significant differences were registered between the Wg and wCGM (P = 0.00), Mh (P = 0.00), MCh (P = 0.00) and dIAM-MC (P = 0.00). Only the Wg presented a strong correlation with the wCGM (R = 0.58), Mh (R = 0.70), dIAM-MC (R = 0.60) and MCh (R = 0.68). These models will allow a clinician to estimate the size of the mandible structures by only using data obtained during the physiological examination, with a sufficiently high prediction capacity and a very low standard error. The study points out the relationships of physiological parameters such as Wg and wCGM with mandible anatomical structural elements considered as important in oral surgery. The results of this study give the surgeon a new additional tool providing more information on the mandible anatomical structures and its relationships. This reduces the risk of iatrogenic lesions during the oral surgical procedures and improves patient safety.

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“…For this results of longitudinal studies are very important, but in this case, an association has been only found for serum levels in one focused on elderly subjects. Interestingly, the correlation between Ca and periodontal disease has been also recently confirmed in a subset of dogs classified according to disease severity (from absent to severe periodontitis) [56]. In this case, researchers were only focused in inorganic Ca but it is expected that this calcium fraction was the most modifiable fraction by diet under normal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Systematic Review on the Implication of Minerals in the Onset, Severity and Treatment of Periodontal Disease

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease with high prevalence in adults that leads to destruction of the teeth-supporting tissues. Periodontal therapy has been traditionally directed at reduction of the bacterial load to a level that encourages health-promoting bacteria and maintenance of oral-hygiene. The role of nutrition in different chronic inflammatory diseases has been the subject of an increasing body of research in the last decades. In this sense, there has been an important increase in the volume of research on role of nutrition in periodontitis since the diet has known effects on the immune system and inflammatory cascades. Minerals play a key role in all these processes due to the multiple pathways where they participate. To clarify the role of the different minerals in the establishment, progression and/or treatment of this pathology, a systemically review of published literature cited in PubMed until May 2016 was conducted, which included research on the relationship of these elements with the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Among all the minerals, calcium dietary intake seems important to maintain alveolar bone. Likewise, dietary proportions of minerals that may influence its metabolism also can be relevant. Lastly, some observations suggest that all those minerals with roles in immune and/or antioxidant systems should be considered in future research.

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Relationship Between Gender, Age, and Weight and the Serum Ionized Calcium Variations in Dog Periodontal Disease Evolution

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluating the validity and reliability of a visual dental scale for detection of periodontal disease (PD) in non-anesthetized dogs (Canis familiaris)

Evaluating the validity and reliability of a visual dental scale for detection of periodontal disease (PD) in non-anesthetized dogs (Canis familiaris)

Insight of Dogs' Inner Mandible Anatomy using Mathematical Models

A Systematic Review on the Implication of Minerals in the Onset, Severity and Treatment of Periodontal Disease

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