Relationship between Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Type 1/2 Viral Burden and Clinical and Treatment Parameters among Patients with HIV Type 1 and HTLV-1/2 Coinfection

Beilke, Mark A.; Dorge, Vicki L. Traina; Sirois, Maria J.; Bhuiyan, Azad R.; Murphy, Edward L.; Walls, Jane M.; Fagan, Ryan; Winsor, Elsa L.; Kissinger, Patricia

doi:10.1086/513428

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…72 The In a subsequent study, we investigated the relationship between HTLV-1/2 proviral load and HIV plasma RNA levels, using primers amplifying the tax/rex region of the HTLV genome. 74 When patients were stratified according to HTLV-1/2 proviral copy number, those with > 20,000 HTLV-1/2 proviral copies/10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells had lower levels of HIV-1 plasma RNA. These results were adjusted for administration of HAART therapy.…”

Section: Significance Of Retroviral Infections Among Patients Receivimentioning

confidence: 94%

Retroviral Coinfections: HIV and HTLV: Taking Stock of More Than a Quarter Century of Research

Beilke

2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Retroviral coinfections with HIV-1 and HTLV-1 or with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 occur with variable frequencies throughout the world with the highest prevalence in large metropolitan areas in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. The recognition that retroviral coinfections exist dates back to the discovery of HIV-1 over 25 years ago. Despite the large body of published information regarding the biological and clinical significance of retroviral coinfections, controversy throughout several decades of research was fueled by several flawed epidemiologic studies and anecdotal reports that were not always supported with ample statistical and scientific evidence. However, the growing consensus obtained from recent systematic and well-devised research provides support for at least three conclusions: (1) HIV-1 and HTLV-1 coinfections are often seen in the context of patients with high CD4+ T cell counts presenting with lymphoma or neurological complications; (2) HIV-1 and HTLV-2 coinfections have been linked in some cases to a ''long term nonprogressor'' phenotype; and (3) differential function and/or overexpression of the HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax proteins likely play a pivotal role in the clinical and immunologic manifestations of HIV/HTLV-1 and -2 coinfections. This review will recount the chronology of work regarding retroviral coinfections from 1983 through the present.

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Section: Significance Of Retroviral Infections Among Patients Receivimentioning

confidence: 94%

Retroviral Coinfections: HIV and HTLV: Taking Stock of More Than a Quarter Century of Research

Beilke

2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…The scale is non-sectarian and includes both intrinsic (religion defining sense of self and identity) and extrinsic (religion as a practice that is external to sense of self) measurements. The three extrinsic items are reverse coded then added to the remaining seven responses; a higher score indicates a greater intrinsic religiosity [39].…”

Section: Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Predictors of HIV/STI Risk Among Latino Migrant Men in a New Receiving Community

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study was to examine patterns and predictors of HIV/STI risk over time among Latino migrant men in a new receiving community. Latino men (N = 125) were interviewed quarterly for 18 months and HIV/STI tested annually. Selected individual, environmental and cultural factors by partner type and condom use were explored longitudinally and in a cross-section. Sex with female sex workers (FSWs) and multiple partners decreased, sex with main partners and abstinence increased, while the number of casual partners remained stable. Consistent condom use was highest with FSWs, lowest with main partners and midrange with casual partners with no trends over time. STI morbidity was low; no HIV was detected. Drug use and high mobility were associated with inconsistent condom use with FSW, whereas having family in the household was protective. HIV/STI prevention efforts should focus on drug using Latino migrants who are highly mobile and should foster healthy social connections.

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“…Cytokine production in HTLV-2/SIV mac251 coinfected macaques and SIV mac251 singly infected macaques is shown. (6,31,43,56). Repeated exposures to HTLV-2 may induce a more robust infection in the blood of rhesus macaques similar to HTLV-1-and STLV-1-infected animals (21,55).…”

Section: Cd4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preexisting Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 neither Exacerbates nor Attenuates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV _mac251 Infection in Macaques

Gordon¹,

Weissman²,

Cecchinato³

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Coinfection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been reported to have either a slowed disease course or to have no effect on progression to AIDS. In this study, we generated a coinfection animal model and investigated whether HTLV-2 could persistently infect macaques, induce a T-cell response, and impact simian immunodeficiency virus SIV mac251 -induced disease. We found that inoculation of irradiated HTLV-2-infected T cells into Indian rhesus macaques elicited humoral and T-cell responses to HTLV-2 antigens at both systemic and mucosal sites. Low levels of HTLV-2 provirus DNA were detected in the blood, lymphoid tissues, and gastrointestinal tracts of infected animals. Exposure of HTLV-2-infected or naïve macaques to SIV mac251 demonstrated comparable levels of SIV mac251 viral replication, similar rates of mucosal and peripheral CD4 ؉ T-cell loss, and increased T-cell proliferation. Additionally, neither the magnitude nor the functional capacity of the SIV-specific T-cell-mediated immune response was different in HTLV-2/SIV mac251 coinfected animals versus SIV mac251 singly infected controls. Thus, HTLV-2 targets mucosal sites, persists, and importantly does not exacerbate SIV mac251 infection. These data provide the impetus for the development of an attenuated HTLV-2-based vectored vaccine for HIV-1; this approach could elicit persistent mucosal immunity that may prevent HIV-1/SIV mac251 infection.

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Relationship between Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Type 1/2 Viral Burden and Clinical and Treatment Parameters among Patients with HIV Type 1 and HTLV-1/2 Coinfection

Abstract: HTLV-1/2 proviral burden was significantly higher among patients with HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection than among patients with HIV-HTLV-2 coinfection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may be of limited value in controlling virus expression of HTLV-1/2 in patients with HIV-HTLV-1/2 coinfection.

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Retroviral Coinfections: HIV and HTLV: Taking Stock of More Than a Quarter Century of Research

Retroviral Coinfections: HIV and HTLV: Taking Stock of More Than a Quarter Century of Research

Patterns and Predictors of HIV/STI Risk Among Latino Migrant Men in a New Receiving Community

Preexisting Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 neither Exacerbates nor Attenuates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV _mac251 Infection in Macaques

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Relationship between Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Type 1/2 Viral Burden and Clinical and Treatment Parameters among Patients with HIV Type 1 and HTLV-1/2 Coinfection

Abstract: HTLV-1/2 proviral burden was significantly higher among patients with HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection than among patients with HIV-HTLV-2 coinfection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may be of limited value in controlling virus expression of HTLV-1/2 in patients with HIV-HTLV-1/2 coinfection.

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Retroviral Coinfections: HIV and HTLV: Taking Stock of More Than a Quarter Century of Research

Retroviral Coinfections: HIV and HTLV: Taking Stock of More Than a Quarter Century of Research

Patterns and Predictors of HIV/STI Risk Among Latino Migrant Men in a New Receiving Community

Preexisting Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 neither Exacerbates nor Attenuates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV mac251 Infection in Macaques

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Preexisting Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 neither Exacerbates nor Attenuates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV _mac251 Infection in Macaques