Relationship between indoor and outdoor size-fractionated particulate matter in urban microenvironments: Levels, chemical composition and sources

Martins, Vânia; Faria, Tiago; Diapouli, Evangelia; Manousakas, M.; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos; Viana, Mar; Almeida, Susana Marta

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109203

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…When compared to results from other Greek cities, these concentrations are comparable to the ones reported for the Athens suburbs [26] and lower than those reported for urban and traffic sites in Athens and Thessaloniki [26,32,33]. Recent studies conducted in another European city, Lisbon, Portugal, have also reported higher concentrations of OC and EC (4.02 and 6.61 µg m −3 respectively) [34]. The highest average OC concentrations were recorded during November 2018 (3.77 µg m −3 ) and March 2019 (4.19 µg m −3 ).…”

Section: Pm 25 Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece

2020

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Fine particulate matter (PM) originates from various emission sources and physicochemical processes. Quantification of the sources of PM is an important step during the planning of efficient mitigation strategies and the investigation of the potential risks to human health. Usually, source apportionment studies focus either on the organic or on the inorganic fraction of PM. In this study that took place in Patras, Greece, we address both PM fractions by combining measurements from a range of on- and off-line techniques, including elemental composition, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) measurements, and high-resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) from different techniques. Six fine PM2.5 sources were identified based on the off-line measurements: secondary sulfate (34%), biomass burning (15%), exhaust traffic emissions (13%), nonexhaust traffic emissions (12%), mineral dust (10%), and sea salt (5%). The analysis of the AMS spectra quantified five factors: two oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA) factors (an OOA and a marine-related OOA, 52% of the total organic aerosols (OA)), cooking OA (COA, 11%) and two biomass burning OA (BBOA-I and BBOA-II, 37% in total) factors. The results of the two methods were synthesized, showcasing the complementarity of the two methodologies for fine PM source identification. The synthesis suggests that the contribution of biomass burning is quite robust, but that the exhaust traffic emissions are not due to local sources and may also include secondary OA from other sources.

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Section: Pm 25 Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece

2020

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“…The OC and EC generally originate from the primary combustion processes (biomass burning, coal combustion, and traffic emission) in the fine and intermodal mass fractions, whereas the primary biogenic sources mainly contribute to the coarse mass fraction. Dust re-suspension may also enhance the adhesion of OC and EC onto the surface of coarse particles (Martins et al, 2020).…”

Section: Carbonaceous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Si are the well-known mineral dust indicators, and these mineral dust elements constitute the MM (Martins et al, 2020). The mineral dust elements have both local and regional origins and are mainly associated with soil, crustal, and re-suspended dust (Tian et al, 2018).…”

Section: Elemental Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anthropogenic (construction, industrial, and road activities) sources of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Si were more evident in the fine fraction. The mineral dust (MM) contribution increased with the increasing PM size, as the increasing contributions of soil, crustal, and resuspended dust elements of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Si (Martins et al, 2020). The bimodal TE distribution was due to the contribution of their mineral dust and re-suspended sources in the coarse PM fraction.…”

Section: Elemental Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size Distribution of Ambient Particulate Matter and Its Constituent Chemical Species Involving Saccharides During Early Summer in a Chinese Megacity

Khan

Sun

Tian

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution adversely influences the human health and natural environment. The size distribution of ambient PM determines the physiochemical and optical properties of ambient aerosol, whereas it reflects the variability in local and regional PM emission sources and formation mechanisms. In the present work, the size distribution and characteristics of the carbonaceous, ionic, elemental, and saccharide species were categorically investigated for the fraction-wise PM in Tianjin during 2018 early summer. The average concentrations were 32.4, 20.9, and 49.3 μg/m3 for the PM1, PM1–2.5, and PM2.5–10, respectively. The coarse PM2.5–10 accounted for most of the PM10 mass (47%), followed by the fine PM1 (33%) and intermodal PM1–2.5 (20%). The carbonaceous and ionic species exhibited bimodal distribution and were distributed mostly to the fine size fraction and then to the coarse size fraction. The elemental species exhibited unimodal distribution and were distributed mostly to the coarse size fraction. The specific saccharide species indicated the significant contribution of biomass burning and primary biogenic emissions. The bimodal mass size distribution of levoglucosan indicated the significant biomass burning contributions to the fine and coarse size fractions. The unimodal glucose, fructose, and arabitol distribution and the bimodal mannitol distribution indicated the dominant primary biogenic contributions to the coarse size fraction. The PM1/PM10, PM1–2.5/PM10, PM2.5–10/PM10, OC/EC, SOC/OC, AE/CE, NO3–/SO42–, K+/EC, and levoglucosan/K+ ratios were used to investigate the characteristics of the ambient size-fractionated PM. The anthropogenic sources (combustion processes, traffic emissions, and secondary particles, etc.) contributed mostly to the fine PM1 and intermodal PM1–2.5 fractions, whereas the natural sources (primary biogenic, marine salt, and mineral dust, etc.) contributed mostly to the coarse PM2.5–10 fraction. This work is a significant addition to the multi-size ambient PM’s size distribution and characterization studies.

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“…Accordingly, PM particles are associated with lung illnesses, including cancer, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. It has also to be noticed that the size ranges of PM (0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.5, 2.5–10) may be causative of different responses in humans [ 23 ]. Scientific and clinical evidence associates the size of particles with the onset and progression of lung disease: the lower the PM, the deeper the penetration into lung tissue, reaching the low respiratory tract [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Air Pollution: the Role Played By Particulate Matter And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-RNAs: Crossroads between the Exposure to Environmental Particulate Pollution and the Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Finicelli

Squillaro

Galderisi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Environmental pollution has reached a global echo and represents a serious problem for human health. Air pollution encompasses a set of hazardous substances, such as particulate matter and heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, and arsenic), and has a strong impact on the environment by affecting groundwater, soil, and air. An adaptive response to environmental cues is essential for human survival, which is associated with the induction of adaptive phenotypes. The epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression patterns of several genes are promising candidates to provide mechanistic and prognostic insights into this. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) fulfil these features given their ability to respond to environmental factors and their critical role in determining phenotypes. These molecules are present in extracellular fluids, and their expression patterns are organ-, tissue-, or cell-specific. Moreover, the experimental settings for their quantitative and qualitative analysis are robust, standardized, and inexpensive. In this review, we provide an update on the role of miRNAs as suitable tools for understanding the mechanisms behind the physiopathological response to toxicants and the prognostic value of their expression pattern associable with specific exposures. We look at the mechanistic evidence associable to the role of miRNAs in the processes leading to environmental-induced pulmonary disease (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

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Relationship between indoor and outdoor size-fractionated particulate matter in urban microenvironments: Levels, chemical composition and sources

Cited by 62 publications

References 104 publications

Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece

Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece

Size Distribution of Ambient Particulate Matter and Its Constituent Chemical Species Involving Saccharides During Early Summer in a Chinese Megacity

Micro-RNAs: Crossroads between the Exposure to Environmental Particulate Pollution and the Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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