Relationship between Lignin Content and the Durability of Wood Pellets Fabricated Using Larix kaempferi C. Sawdust

Yang, In; Jeong, Hanseob; Lee, Jae Jung; Lee, Soo Min

doi:10.5658/wood.2019.47.1.110

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this study, using a concentration of 5% NaOH solution effectively improved the mechanical properties of Betung bamboo internode. According to Yang et al [16], the concentration of the solution affects the alkali treatment. The greater the concentration, the more it affects the lignocellulosic content of the material.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alkaline 5% NaOH treatment with variations of immersion time on tensile strength and flexural strength of Betung bamboo internode

Zulhanif

Mahtata

Badaruddin

2022

JIAE

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Betung bamboo has a bigger stem diameter, thicker walls, and shorter internodes than other species of bamboo, making it ideal for building materials such as bridges and interior furnishings that may also be turned into works of art. Alkaline NaOH treatment was introduced to Betung bamboo to increase its mechanical properties. The alkaline treatment used a solution consisting of 5 %NaOH. Specimens with alkaline treatment were immersed into 5%NaOH solution for one hour, two hours, and three hours, followed by two hours of drying in a furnace at 60 °C. Tensile tests (ASTM D638) and flexural tests (ASTM D790) were carried out using servo hydraulics MTS Landmark 100 kN under static loading. The tensile strength, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were analyzed from the results tests. The average maximum tensile strength of the Betung bamboo internode immersed for two hours into 5%NaOH solution is about 195.95 MPa, whereas the average values of MOR and MOE are about 207.35 MPa and 4.56 GPa, respectively. The faults and surface conditions in the Betung bamboo internode were observed using fractographic and morphological observations.

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Section: Results and Discussion Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alkaline 5% NaOH treatment with variations of immersion time on tensile strength and flexural strength of Betung bamboo internode

Zulhanif

Mahtata

Badaruddin

2022

JIAE

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“…NaOH solution could cause the delignification process of lignocellulosic material (Xu et al 2020). Several studies reported that alkaline treatment decrease lignin content, especially at high concentration (Maulana et al 2021a;Yang et al 2019). Another study found a similar outcome reported by Tong et al (2018) that alkaline immersion treatment with 10% NaOH for 24 h partially removed the lignin content.…”

Section: Klason Lignin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Chemical Composition of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) after Alkali Immersion Treatment under Various Immersion Times

et al. 2022

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This research aimed to analyze the change in chemical composition of the betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) strands after alkali immersion treatment under various immersion times. The bamboo culms were converted into strands with the target length, width, and thickness of 70, 25, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Strands were alkali immersion-treated with 1% NaOH solution for 1, 2, and 3 h. Preparation of powder for chemical component analysis refers to the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard T 264 cm-07 regarding the preparation of wood test samples for chemical analysis. Structural and non-structural bamboo strand chemical components such as holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, klason lignin, and extractives were analyzed. The results showed that alkali immersion treatment decreased the hemicellulose content from 21.55% before treatment to 20.30% after 3 h immersion. Thus, it changed the holocellulose and alpha-cellulose composition. Alkali immersion treatment also changed the extractive substances dissolved in cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH, and ethanol-benzene solution. The decrease in hemicellulose, molecular weight lignin, and extractive substances would be beneficial for bamboo-oriented strand board manufacture to improve strand adhesion, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and durability against biological agents attack. Keywords: alkali immersion times, alkali immersion treatment, bamboo, chemical components, pre-treatment

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“…Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biomass comprising 15%-30% of the total aromatic biomass, whereas cellulose is the primary material in woody biomass, accounting for 30%-50% of the total (Kim et al, 2019;Upton and Kasko, 2015;Yang et al, 2017). As the most abundant aromatic compound in the world, lignin has excellent potential as a raw material in various industrial applications such as the manufacture of engineering plastics, foam materials, membranes, nanofibers, hydrogels, adhesives, and other new materials (Bang et al, 2022;Fatriasari et al, 2020;Hwang and Choi, 2018;Hwang et al, 2021;Lee et al, 2019Lee et al, , 2021 Effects of Precipitation pH of Black Liquor on Characteristics of Precipitated and Acetone-Fractionated Kraft Lignin Min and Um, 2017;Yang et al, 2019). Among various technical lignins, kraft lignin (KL) extracted from black liquor in the kraft pulping process is the most abundant industrial lignin (Gadhave et al, 2019;Li et al, 2016;Tejado et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Precipitation pH of Black Liquor on Characteristics of Precipitated and Acetone-Fractionated Kraft Lignin

WATUMLAWAR¹,

Park²

2023

J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol.

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Two important steps in utilizing technical kraft lignin (KL) from black liquor to synthesize lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin are its extraction via precipitation and fractionation. However, the effects of precipitation pH and acetone fractionation on the characteristics of hardwood KL have not been studied for LPF resins. Therefore, this paper reports the effects of the precipitation pH of black liquor and acetone fractionation on the characteristics of KL from mixed hardwood species for LPF resins. The precipitation was conducted at various pH levels from 3 to 9 of black liquor to obtain crude KL (C-KL), which was used in acetone fractionation to produce acetone-soluble KL (AS-KL) and acetone-insoluble KL (AI-KL). Precipitation at pH 3 and 9 produced the highest and lowest yields of C-KL, respectively. As expected, the C-KL infrared spectra were similar regardless of the precipitation pH levels. As the pH increased, the molecular weight of C-KL increased. However, the molecular weight of AS-KL and AI-KL after acetone fractionation increased to a maximum of 4,170 and 47,190 g/mol at pH 7, then decreased to 3,210 and 19,970 g/mol at pH 9, respectively. The smallest molecular weights of AS-KL and AI-KL were 3,210 and 15,480 g/mol and were found at pH 9 and 3, respectively. These results suggest that both AS-KL at pH 9 and AI-KL at pH 3 have good potential as starting lignins for synthesizing LPF resins that require cross-linking for polymerization.

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Relationship between Lignin Content and the Durability of Wood Pellets Fabricated Using Larix kaempferi C. Sawdust

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Alkaline 5% NaOH treatment with variations of immersion time on tensile strength and flexural strength of Betung bamboo internode

Effect of Alkaline 5% NaOH treatment with variations of immersion time on tensile strength and flexural strength of Betung bamboo internode

Changes in Chemical Composition of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) after Alkali Immersion Treatment under Various Immersion Times

Effects of Precipitation pH of Black Liquor on Characteristics of Precipitated and Acetone-Fractionated Kraft Lignin

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