Relationship Between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Mallah, Manthar Ali; Mallah, Mukhtiar Ali; Yang, Lei; He, Xiaohai; Wang, Wei; Feng, Feifei; Zhang, Qiao

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.763706

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The effects of PAHs on human health have been widely studied in recent years. In addition to an increased risk of T2DM, PAHs have also been reported to be associated with other diseases, including cardiovascular diseases [44], lung cancer [45,46], prostate cancer [47], osteoporosis [48], and so on. A review of these literatures may provide new ideas for further exploration of the association between PAHs and T2DM in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Wang

2022

IJERPH

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the evidence on the association between PAHs and diabetes was systematically reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting the association between PAHs and diabetes. Of the 698 articles identified through the search, nine cross-sectional studies were included. Seven were conducted in the general population and two in coke oven workers. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to calculate the total effect. Subgroup analysis was further carried out according to the types of PAH metabolites. The results showed that the odds of diabetes were significantly higher for the highest category of urinary naphthalene (NAP), fluorine (FLU), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total mono-hydroxylated (OH-PAH) metabolites compared to the lowest category. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.52 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.94), 1.53 (95%CI: 1.36, 1.71), 1.43 (95%CI: 1.28, 1.60), and 1.49 (95%CI: 1.07, 2.08), respectively. In coke oven workers, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPh) was significantly correlated with an increased risk of diabetes. Exposure measurements, outcome definitions, and adjustment for confounders were heterogeneous between studies. The results of the current study demonstrate a potentially adverse effect of PAHs on diabetes. Further mechanistic studies and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether PAH metabolite levels are causative, and hence associative, with increased diabetes incidences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Wang

2022

IJERPH

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“…Our primary, fully adjusted models additionally included maternal and pregnancy-related covariates associated with pCRH concentrations (and in some cases, with OH-PAH concentrations) including maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, cotinine, parity, childhood traumatic events, and fetal sex. In extended models, we additionally considered gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension as they have been confounders of pCRH in prior work, but could arguably be on the pathway between exposure and outcome (61,62). Results are reported for the interaction between each of the OH-PAHs and time in days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE pregnancy cohort

Barrett

Workman²,

Hazlehurst³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting combustion by-products that have been linked to preterm birth. One possible mechanism is through disruption of placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH), a key hormone implicated in parturition. As an extension of recent research identifying pCRH as a potential target of endocrine disruption, we examined maternal PAH exposure in relation to pCRH in a large, diverse sample. Participants, drawn from the CANDLE cohort, part of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium, completed study visits at 16-29 weeks (V1) and 22-39 weeks (V2) gestation (n=812). Seven urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured at V1 and serum pCRH at V1 and V2. Associations between individual log-transformed OH-PAHs (as well as two summed PAH measures) and log(pCRH) concentrations across visits were estimated using mixed effects models. Minimally-adjusted models included gestational age and urinary specific gravity, while fully-adjusted models also included sociodemographic characteristics. We additionally evaluated effect modification by pregnancy complications, fetal sex, and maternal childhood trauma history. We observed associations between 2-OH-Phenanthrene (2-OH-PHEN) and rate of pCRH change that persisted in fully adjusted models (β=0.0009, 0.00006, 0.0017), however, positive associations with other metabolites (most notably 3-OH-Phenanthrene and 1-Hydroxypyrene) were attenuated after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Associations tended to be stronger at V1 compared to V2 and we observed no evidence of effect modification by pregnancy complications, fetal sex, or maternal childhood trauma history. In conclusion, we observed modest evidence of association between OH-PAHs, most notably 2-OH-PHEN, and pCRH in this sample. Additional research using serial measures of PAH exposure is warranted, as is investigation of alternative mechanisms that may link PAHs and timing of birth, such as inflammatory, epigenetic, or oxidative stress pathways.

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“…On the other hand. PAH, which are closely related to HAA exposure, had signi cant adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, such as the changes in heart rate variability (Fernández-Macías et al 2022, Mallah et al 2021). Exposure to PAH has been found to lead to changes in heart rate (Feng et al 2014) and atherosclerosis (Curfs et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Urinary Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mortality in Adults

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are mutagenic compounds; however, their long-term effects on humans remain poorly studied. This study investigated the association between HAA concentration and mortality in adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 were linked to mortality data from 2019 and analyzed using Cox regression analysis to determine the association of different HAA with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. Age, sex, education level, race, poverty income ratio, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, and serum cotinine were included as covariates in three different Cox regression models. This study included 1,713 adults with a median age of 47 years (49.5% men). During a median follow-up at 71 months, 100 deaths occurred. Owing to detection limits, only four had discernible detection rates and were included in our analysis. Among them, only norharman concentration was significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The hazard ratio (HR) was 1.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.04) for all-cause mortality when analyzing norharman concentration as a natural log-transformed continuous variable and 3.33 (95% confidence interval: 2.24–4.95) for CVD mortality. Associations remained consistent when norharman concentrations were analyzed as binary variables (split by median). Urinary harman concentration seemed to show a negative association with cancer mortality. No definitive evidence was found of an association between other HAA and mortality. Urinary norharman concentration is associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in adults.

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Relationship Between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Cited by 47 publications

References 78 publications

The Association between Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Association between Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE pregnancy cohort

Association Between Urinary Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mortality in Adults

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